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Dentistry > Endo > Flashcards

Endo Flashcards

1
Q

What is odontopaste?

A

is a zinc oxide based root canal paste with clindamycin hydrochloride (antibiotic) and triamcinolone (corticosteroid)

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2
Q

What is odontopaste used for?

A

It works to help temporarily obturate the canal and prevent bacterial repopulation. It also helps to temporarily reduce inflammation

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3
Q

What are the contraindications for odontopaste? (3)

A

● Pregnancy
● Allergies
● On concurrent doses of erythromycin (antagonism)

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4
Q

What is leddermix made from?

A

Demeclocycline hydrochloride and triamcinolone acetonide

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5
Q

What is leddermix used for?

A

It works to help temporarily obturate the canal and prevent bacterial repopulation. It also helps to temporarily reduce inflammation

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6
Q

What are the contraindications for leddermix?(2)

A

● Pregnancy
● Breastfeeding

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7
Q

What are the properties of calcium hydroxide? (7)

A

● Antibacterial
● Strong base pH (12.5-12.8)
● Encourages calcification
● Inhibits resorption
● Reduces inflammation
● Helps eliminate apical exudate
● Controls inflammatory root resorption

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8
Q

What is coltosol composed of?

A

Composed of zinc oxide, calcium sulphate and zinc sulphate

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9
Q

What is coltosol used for?

A

Used for temporary root canal sealings as it is fluoride releasing and self-curing

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10
Q

How long do you wait for bony healing before you consider retreatment?

A

4 years

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11
Q

What are the two categories of cyst in endodontics?

A

Pocket cysts (epithelium-lined cavities that are open to the root canal) and true cysts (cavities enclosed in an epithelial lining)

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12
Q

What % of periapical lesions are cysts?

A

15% (9% true cysts; 6% pocket cysts)

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13
Q

Which type of cyst will heal after RCT?

A

Pocket cysts will heal after RCT, true cysts wont

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14
Q

What can you use to remove GP from a canal for retreatment? (5)

A
  • Protaper
  • Hedstrom files
  • Ultrasonics
  • Heat
  • Thermafil and Guttacore (carrier based systems)
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15
Q

What are the two main techniques for post removal?

A
  • ultrasonic
  • post pulling devices
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16
Q

What type of flap is this?

A

Semi-lunar flap

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17
Q

What are the disadvantages of semi-lunar flaps?(4)

A
  • disruption of blood supply
  • poor wound healing
  • limited surgical access
  • cause scarring
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18
Q

Name this flap

A

Triangle mucoperiosteal flap

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19
Q

Name this flap

A

Rectangle mucoperiosteal flap

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20
Q

What is the maximum dose of lidocaine?

A

5 cartridges

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21
Q

What is the maximum dose of articaine?

A

7 cartridges (for a 70kg adult)

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22
Q

What is an osteotomy (for endodontic surgery)?

A

the removal of the cortical plate to expose the root end

23
Q

How long do you delay initial incision for a flap after giving LA and why?

A

for 15 mins to ensure the local anaesthetic has had its haemostatic effect

24
Q

What are the three main topical haemostatic agents?

A
  • epinephrine pellets
  • ferric sulphate (agglutination of blood proteins)
  • calcium sulphate (blocks vessels)
25
Q

How long does MTA take to set?

A

3 hours

26
Q

What are the main properties of MTA that make it great for endodontic surgery? (5)

A

● Stimulates cementogenesis (regeneration of cementum)
● It has a high pH
● Good sealing ability
● Excellent biocompatibility
● Radio-opaque

27
Q

What type of root resorption is this?

A

External inflammatory

28
Q

What usually causes external inflammatory root resorption?

A

Trauma (intrusion, lateral luxation and avulsion)

29
Q

What is the treatment for external inflammatory root resorption?

A

Remove necrotic pulp and use calcium hydroxide as an inter-appointment dressing

30
Q

What type of resorption is this?

A

Invasive cervical or internal root resorption (both appear pink)

31
Q

What type of resorption is this?

A

Invasive cervical resorption

32
Q

Where does invasive cervical resorption originate?

A

External root surfaces immediately apical to the epithelium attachment in the cervical region

33
Q

How does invasive cervical resorption occur?

A

When there is a loss of the protective non-mineralised layer at the CEJ - caused by trauma. This results in microbial stimulation from the gingival sulcus

34
Q

What factors predispose a patient to invasive cervical resorption? (4)

A

● Orthodontics
● Trauma
● Surgery
● Intracoronal bleaching

35
Q

What are the clinical presentations of invasive cervical resorption?

A

Pink looking tooth, positive sensibility testing (pulp is still vital)

36
Q

What are the clinical presentations of internal root resorption?

A

Pink looking tooth, positive sensibility testing (pulp is still vital)

37
Q

What type of resorption is this classifying?

A

Invasive cervical resorption

38
Q

What is the treatment for invasive cervical resorption?

A

● Remove granulation tissue from defect (with 90% trichloroacetic acid)
● Restore with GI, composite or biodentine
● RCT if communication with pulp canal

39
Q

Name this type of resorption

A

Internal root resorption

40
Q

Name this type of resorption

A

Internal root resorption

41
Q

How does internal root resorption occur?

A

damage to the odontoblastic layer and pre-dentine

42
Q

When does internal root resorption stop progressing?

A

When the pulp becomes necrotic as it needs an apical blood supply to continue

43
Q

What is the treatment for internal root resorption and what happens if you dont treat it?

A

RCT. If left untreated, it will cause perforation into the surrounding tissues, potentially leading to resorption in other areas around the root of the tooth

44
Q

Name this type of resorption

A

Orthodontic pressure resorption

45
Q

Name this type of resorption

A

Impacted tooth/tumour pressure resorption

46
Q

What teeth are most commonly associated with impacted tooth resorption?

A

Maxillary canines and mandibular molars

47
Q

What is the treatment for impacted tooth/tumour pressure resorption?

A

Remove the stimulation factor (tumour or impacted tooth)

48
Q

What is replacement resorption also known as?

A

ankylotic root resorprion

49
Q

What sound will teeth with replacement resorption make on percussion?

A

Metallic sound

50
Q

What is the treatment for replacement resorption (ankylosis)?

A

No treatment

51
Q

What is the difference between ankylosis and replacement resorption?

A

in ankylosis there is no loss of root dentine and cementum (just fusion or close proximity for the root and bone). In replacement resorption, dentine and cementum are lost and replaced with bone

52
Q

What is torsional stress?

A

when a tip bends against the canal wall and the coronal part of the file rotates. This leads the elastic limit of the material to be exceeded, causing plastic deformation and leading to a file fracture

53
Q

What is cyclic fatigue?

A

when repeated cycles of tension and compression has happened during bending

54
Q

Are flexible files more vulnerable to torsional stress or cyclic fatigue?

A

Cyclic fatigue (because they are more bandy/elastic but weaker)

Dentistry (7 decks)

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