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COMMUNICABLE DISEASES > ENDEMIC DISEASES > Flashcards

ENDEMIC DISEASES Flashcards

Leprosy, Paragonimiasis, Schistosomiasis, Filariasis

1
Q

Leprosy other name:

A

Hansen’s Disease

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2
Q

Leprosy CA:

A

Mycobacterium leprae
Mycobacterium lepromatosis

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3
Q

Leprosy MOT

A
  • Droplet
  • Prolonged skin-to-skin contact
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4
Q

6 Leprosy s/sx:

A
  1. Change in skin color – reddish / whitish
  2. Loss of sensation
  3. Loss of sweating
  4. Ulcers do not heal
  5. Muscle weakness
  6. Painful and reddened eyes
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5
Q

6 Leprosys LATE s/sx

A
  1. Madarosis (loss of eyebrows)
  2. Lagophthalmos (inability to close eyelids)
  3. Sinking of the nose bridge
  4. Clawing of fingers and toes
  5. Contractures (hardening of the muscles)
  6. Enlargement of the beasts (Gynecomastia)
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6
Q

2 classifications of Leprosy

A

PAUCIBACILLARY & MULTIBACILLARY

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7
Q

PAUCIBACILLARY Other name:

A

Tuberculoid /
Indeterminate

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8
Q

MULTIBACILLARY Other name:

A

Lepromatous /
Borderline

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9
Q

PAUCIBACILLARY IP:
MULTIBACILLARY IP:

A

P: 1-4 years
M: 4-8 years

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10
Q

Non-infectious

A

PAUCIBACILLARY

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11
Q

Highly infectious

A

MULTIBACILLARY

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12
Q

Few lesions

A

PAUCIBACILLARY

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13
Q

Several lesions

A

MULTIBACILLARY

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14
Q

Few bacilli

A

PAUCIBACILLARY

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15
Q

Several bacilli

A

MULTIBACILLARY

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16
Q

PAUCIBACILLARY how many months treatment?

A

6-9 months
treatment

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17
Q

MULTIBACILLARY how many months treatment?

A

24-30 months
treatment

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18
Q

LEPROSY DIAGNOSTIC TEST:

A

Slit Skin Smear (SSS)
1. Scrape a tissue sample from the lesions
2. Place it on a glass slide
3. Add/mix staining reagents
4. View it under a microscope

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19
Q

LEPROSY MEDICAL MANAGEMENT:

A

Domiciliary treatment – RA 4073, pt are treated at home

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20
Q

ADULT Day 1:
PAUCIBACILLARY & MULTIBACILLARY

A

PAUCIBACILLARY
- Rifampicin 600 mg
(once a month)
- Dapsone 100 mg
(daily)

MULTIBACILLARY
- Rifampicin 600 mg
(once a month)
- Dapsone 100 mg
(daily)
- Clofazimine 300 mg
(once a month)

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21
Q

ADULT Day 2-28:
PAUCIBACILLARY & MULTIBACILLARY

A

PAUCIBACILLARY
- Dapsone 100 mg
(daily)
- 6 blister packs to be
taken monthly
within a maximum
period of 9 months

MULTIBACILLARY
- Dapsone 100 mg &
Clofazimine 50 mg
- 12 blister packs to
be taken monthly
within a maximum
period of 18 months

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22
Q

CHILD Day 1:
PAUCIBACILLARY & MULTIBACILLARY

A

PAUCIBACILLARY
- Rifampicin 450 mg
- Dapsone 50 mg

MULTIBACILLARY
- Rifampicin 450 mg
- Dapsone 50 mg
- Clofazimine 150 mg

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23
Q

CHILD Day 2-28: PAUCIBACILLARY & MULTIBACILLARY

A

PAUCIBACILLARY
Day 2-28:
- Dapsone 50 mg

MULTIBACILLARY
Day 2-28:
- Dapsone 50 mg &
Clofazimine 50 mg
every other day

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24
Q

PREVENTION:

A
  • Preventive Tx: single dose of Rifampicin given to
    2 y/o and above
  • BCG vaccination
25
Q

Caused by eating raw / insufficiently cooked crabs, freshwater snail, crayfish

A

PARAGONIMIASIS

26
Q

PARAGONIMIASIS other names:

A
  • Lung fluke
  • Japanese lung fluke
27
Q

PARAGONIMIASIS CA:

A
  1. Paragonimus philippinensis [formerly known as
    Paragonimus westermani]
  2. Paragonimus siamensis
28
Q

PARAGONIMIASIS 4 INTERMEDIATE HOSTS:

A
  1. Antemelania asperata – freshwater snail
  2. Antemelania dactylus - freshwater snail
  3. Varuna litterata - crabs
  4. Sundathelphusa philippina - crabs
29
Q

PARAGONIMIASIS MOT:

A

Ingestion of raw or insufficiently cooked crabs,
freshwater snail, crayfish

30
Q

PARAGONIMIASIS IP:

A

65-90 days

31
Q

PARAGONIMIASIS Acute Phase s/sx:

A
  1. Diarrhea
  2. Abdominal pain
  3. Fever
  4. Weight loss
  5. Urticaria (generalized rash)
  6. Splenomegaly / Hepatomegaly
32
Q

PARAGONIMIASIS Chronic Phase s/sx:

A
  1. Cough / Hemoptysis
  2. Chest pain / Back pain
  3. PTB like symptoms (Anorexia / loss of
    appetite, low grade fever in the afternoon,
    night sweats)
33
Q

PARAGONIMIASIS DOC:

A
  1. Praziquantel (Hetrazan) 25mg/kg PO TID for
    2 days
  2. Bithionol (Bitin) 30-50 mg/kg PO on alternate
    days for 10-15 doses.
34
Q

PARAGONIMIASIS COMPLICATIONS:

A
  1. Pneumonia
  2. Bronchiectasis (widening / enlargement of the
    lung tubes)
  3. Pleural effusion (accumulation of fluid in the
    pleural cavity)
  4. Empyema
35
Q

PREVENTION AND CONTROL:

A
  • Never eat raw freshwater crabs or crayfish
  • Cook crabs and crayfish for at least 63C / 145 F
36
Q

caused by some species of blood
flukes/trematode worms/parasitic flatworms
(Schistosoma)

A

SCHISTOSOMIASIS

37
Q

SCHISTOSOMIASIS other names

A

Bilharziasis
Snail fever
Katayama fever

38
Q

Transmitted by a tiny snail:

A

Oncomelania quadrasi

39
Q

CAUSED BY BLOOD FLUKES OF 3 TYPES:

A

A. Schistosoma mansoni – infects GI tract
(eventually leads to hematochezia)
B. Schistosoma japonicum – endemic in the
Philippines
C. Schistosoma haematobium – infects
genitourinary system (hematuria)

40
Q

BLOOD FLUKES 3 OTHER SPECIES

A

A. Schistosoma mekongi
B. Schistosoma intercalatum
C. Schistosoma guineensis

41
Q

SCHISTOSOMIASIS IP:

A

2-6 weeks after exposure (range: 14-84 days)

42
Q

SCHISTOSOMIASIS MOT:

A

Bathing, swimming, washing in contaminated water

43
Q

SCHISTOSOMIASIS 6 s/sx

A
  1. Initially – transient pruritic rash
  2. Fever and chills
  3. Diarrhea
  4. Cough / Coryza
  5. Malaise (body weakness)
  6. Abdominal pain
44
Q

SCHISTOSOMIASIS LATE s/sx

A
  1. Anemia
  2. Abdominal enlargement
  3. Hepatomegaly
  4. Splenomegaly
  5. Lymphadenopathy
  6. Hematochezia / Hematuria
45
Q

SCHISTOSOMIASIS DOC:

A
  1. Praziquantel (Hetrazan) 20 mg/kg TID (DOC)
  2. Oxamniquine – s. mansoni
  3. Metrifonate – s. haematobium
46
Q

Commonly known as Elephantiasis

A

FILARIASIS

47
Q

FILARIASIS other name:

A

Elephantiasis

48
Q

FILARIASIS CA:

A

Nematode parasites
1. Wuchereria bancrofti
2. Brugia timori
3. Brugia malayi

49
Q

FILARIASIS IP:

A

8-16 months

50
Q

FILARIASIS MOT:

A

Vector – bite of mosquitos
1. Aedes poecilus
2. Anopheles minimus flavirostris
3. Culex quinquefasciatus

51
Q

FILARIASIS MOSQUITO CHARACTERISTICS:

A
  • Dry and dirty areas
  • Abaca plantation
  • Rural area
  • Night biting mosquito

“Fila DARN!”

52
Q

FILARIASIS stages

A

Asymptomatic, Acute and Chronic

53
Q

FILARIASIS Asymptomatic Stage:

A
  1. No s/sx
  2. Microfilariae in the peripheral blood: minute larva
54
Q

FILARIASIS Acute Stage:

A
  1. Lymphadenitis (inflammation of lymph
    nodes)
  2. Lymphangitis (inflammation of lymphatic
    vessels)
  3. Orchitis (swelling of testis)
55
Q

FILARIASIS Chronic Stage:

A
  1. Lymphedema (accumulation of fluid in the
    lymphatic system)
  2. Elephantiasis (enlargement and hardening
    of upper and lower extremities)
  3. Hydrocele (inflammation / swelling of
    scrotum)
56
Q

FILARIASIS DX TEST:

A

Nocturnal Blood Examination

57
Q

Nocturnal Blood Examination – taken when?

A

after 8 pm

58
Q

Nocturnal Blood Examination steps

A
  1. Blood sample is placed in glass slide
  2. Add staining reagent
  3. View the larva under a microscope
59
Q

FILARIASIS DOC:

A
  1. Diethylcarbamazine Citrate (DEC) 6 mg/kg
    TID for 4-7 days (DOC)
  2. Albendazole 400mg
  3. Ivermectin 200 mcg/kg (COVID, for parasitic
    worms)

COMMUNICABLE DISEASES (4 decks)

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