END OF WEIMAR Flashcards
WHEN WAS THE WALL STREET CRASH?
OCTOBER 1929
WHAT WAS THE WALL STREET CRASH?
Share prices dropped leaving many in debt and jobless
WHY WAS THE WALL STREET CRASH SO HARMFUL TO GERMANY?
Americans couldn’t afford buying goods from Germany, Italy, Britain & Japan
Foreign factories shutdown-many lost jobs
American banks demanded money back
German banks tried to get money back from business—> bankrupt
Many turned to extremist parties
HOW WAS THE DÉPRESSION A FAILURE OF WEIMAR?
Hit Germany hard
Many Germans turned to extremist parties like the nazi party
WHY WERE GERMANS UNHAPPY WITH WEIMAR?
Politicians argued constantly and achieved little
The democratic system didn’t work for the German people
Some who supported them were soon drawn to extremist parties
WHY WAS THE APPEAL OF ADOLF A REASON FOR WEIMAR’S FAILURE?
He became increasingly popular because of his charisma and combing people he’ll make Germany great again
He was a powerful speaker- gave audiences hope and gave inspiring speeches
WHY DID THE FESR OF TGE RISE KD OTHER EXTREMIST PARTIES MAKE THE WEIMAR REPUBLIC FAIL?
1917- communist revolution in Russia scared the upper and middle class—> thought it’d come to Germany
Business and land owners were scared they’d lose wealth & status
Nazis fought against communist gangs
WHAT HAPPENED IN SEPTEMBER 1930?
General election
Brüning led an unpopular coalition
Raised taxes to pay unemployment taxes
WHAT HAPPENED IN 1930-1932
Hitler got messages across through propaganda and mass rallies
Used millions of postera & mass rallies
Stormtroopers beat up communists and disrupted meetings
Weimar was failing— chaos and violence on streets & unstable government
WHAT HAPPENED JULY 1932?
Brüning resigned and Hindenburg appoint Franz Von-Papen—> called an election
Nazis now the largest party
WHAT HAPPENED NOVEMBER 1932?
Hitler demanded to be chancellor
Hindenburg refused—> nazis were violent and disruptive
Gave Von-Papen job again—> called an election
Resigned again
WHAT HAPPENED JANUARY 1933?
Hindenburg made Kurt von Schleicher chancellor
He resigned- no support & couldn’t make new laws
Hindenburg-little choice- appointed hitler as chancellor
Von Papen-vice chancellor- limit Hitler’s power
WHAT HAPPENED FEBRUARY 1933?
Election was arranged for a majority in reichstag
Controller media and police to intimidate votes and beat up opponents
WHAT HAPPENED 27th FEBRUARY 1933?
Week of voting day— Reichstag burnt down
Blamed it on young communist
Hitler said it was part of a communist plot to take over and knew how to stop it
WHAT HAPPENED ON 28th FEBRUARY 1933?
Because of the Reichstag fire Hindenburg passed the ‘Protection Law’, the power to deal with German problems, to Hitler
WHAT HAPPENED MARCH 1933?
New decree: Protection of the people and state-ban communists
4000 communists imprisoned
WHAT HAPPENED 27 MARCH 1933?
Hitler persuaded the Centre party to join the nazi
Forced reinstall to pass the ENABLING LAW- make laws without reichstag
WHAT HAPPENED 7 April 1933?
Nazis were in charge or police and councils
Gestapo was formed
First concentration camp for political prisoners—> Dachau
WHAP HAPPENED 2 MAY 1933?
Banned all trade unions- took away money and leaders in jail
WHAT HAPPENED 14 July 1933?
Banned all parties bar Nazis
Law against forming new parties- 3 years in prison
Germany One party state
WHY DID THE NIGHT OF LONG KNIVES HAPPEN?
Hitler felt threatened by the rising of the SA and army
SA were now violent and unemployed thugs
Rumour Ron wanted to over throw Hitler
WHAT WAS THE IMPACT OF THE NIGHT OF LONG KNIVES?
People close to Hitler were a threat if they didn’t agree with him
SS now responsible for secruity
WHY DID THE FREIKORPS SUPPORT HITLER?
They were nationalist ex soldiers and shared views on politics and strong army
WHY DID NATIONLISTS SUPPORT HITLER?
Shared politics views
WHY DID OPTICIANS SUPPORT HITLER?
They were promised jobs, strong economy, higher eages and stability
WHY DID INDUSTRIALISTS SUPPORT HITLER?
Freedom of indulstrialists
Not regulated- run as they wish
Protected against communism
WHY DID RACISTS SUPPORT HITLER?
Hitler hated Jews
Nazis wanted WASP society
WHY DID THE YOUNG UNEMPLOYED SUPPORT HITLER?
Promised new jobs and higher wages
WHY IN THE EARLY STAGES DID THE CATHOLIC CHURCH SUPPORT HITLER?
Hitler supported the Catholic Church
WHY DID YOUNG PEOPLE WHO WERENT INTO POLITICS SUPPORT HITLER?
The context and delivery of his speeches
His ideas- new homes, motorways, hospitals and armed forces
WHY DID FARMERS SUPPORT HITLER?
Promised higher food prices for crops
Better life and status
Afraid of communism
WHAT WERE WAYS HITLER TRIED TO IMPROVE THE ECONOMY IN 1933-1945?
RAD
PUBLIC WORKS
REARMAMENT
INVISIABLE UNEMPLOYMENT
ECONOMY UNDER SCHAUT & GOERING
FARMERS
WHAT WAS THE RAD?
All men aged 18-25 spent 6 months doing agricultural work
Wore uniforms and lived in camps and got free meals
Paid pocket money- at least I was a job
Lowered unemployment rate
WHAT WAS PUBLIC WORKS
JUNE 1933 started building motor ways
Gave 100,000work
Lots of hospitals and schools were built- more jobs
HOW DID REARMAMENT HELP THE GERMAN ECONOMY?
1000s jobs creates Big business owners made a fortune Promised to help Introduced conscription 1935 all 28-25 year old men had to join the army for at least 2 years
5yrs army grew from 100,000 to 1,400,000——> have more jobs
WHO WAS UNDER INVISABLE UNEMPLOYMENT?
House wives and Jews- no official figures
Part time counted as full time
Jews jobs were given to non Jews
WHAT WAS THE ECONOMY UNDER SCHAUCHT LIKE
Schacht signed deals for trade and real materials with South Africa and south-East Europe
Short time- prudction increase and unemployment fell
Change was too slow for Hitler and they depended on foreign goods
Goering replacent Schacht
WHAT WAS THW ECONOMY LIKE UNDER GOERING?
1936- 4yr plan- get ready for war
Increase military production which creates more jobs in textiles, steel, etc
Tried to make Germany self-sufficient and found alternative and artificial remakes to things
