end of semester exam preparation

Question 1

somatic/body cells

Answer 1

46 chromosomes
23 pairs

Question 2

sperm cells/egg cells

Answer 2

23 chromosomes

Question 3

genes

Answer 3

are sections of DNA

Question 4

dominant characteristic

Answer 4

the characterists that can be observed in the appearance of the individual

Question 5

recessive characteristic

Answer 5

the characteristics that does not appear unless recessive alleles combine e.g. ff,rr (small letters)

Question 6

alleles

Answer 6

variation of genes

Question 7

homologous structures

Answer 7

same basic structures

Question 8

similar structures

Answer 8

common ancestor

Question 9

bases in DNA

Answer 9

adenine(A)
thymine(T)
guanine(G)
cytosine(C)
form rungs of rope ladder

Question 10

evolution

Answer 10

genetic changes in characteristics over many generations

Question 11

natural selection

Answer 11

overproduction
variation
competition
selection

Question 12

charles darwin

Answer 12

theory of natural selection tortoises, finches

Question 13

natural selection

Answer 13

process where organisms best adopted to an environment will survive black moth

Question 14

heterozygous
heterozygote

Answer 14

dominant and recessive allele
present e.g. Hh

Question 15

homozygous
homozygote

Answer 15

both alleles the same
HH or hh

Question 16

embryology

Answer 16

common ancestor
e.g. gills to breath

Question 17

geographic distribution of species

Answer 17

part of the 5 pieces of evidence for evolution