END OF COURSE / NAP LEGACY Flashcards
berlin decree
1806 - nov 21st
- imposed the continental system by forbidding the import of british goods into european countries allied with or dependent on france
- binary economic policy to weaken british economy
- BC HE FAILED TO INVADE BRITAIN IN 1805 (OBSESSION)
orders in council
1807
- decrees made by the british in which the british would refuse to buy goods from france, its allies and neutral countries which obeyed the french blockade
- strains relations w france
milan decree
1807 - dec 17th
- enforced the berlin decree in 1806 and continental system
- allowed french warships to capture neutral ships from british ports
- ships which allowed themselves to be searched by the royal navy could be captured by the french
motivations for napoleon entering spain and portugal
- enforce continental system
- portugal rejected the system
- wanted to create an allied empire
- access to other european trade
- represent westward influence of napoleon - consolidate allies
- spain go to british after trafalgar
- felt spain was corrupt - enlightenment
- landowners in spain resented the french
- clerics did not believe in the secularised state by napoleon
- large catholic majority in spain (nap’s relations w pope - ie crowning, arresting, rome etc)
- there was no legitimacy between french-papal relations
french/spain co-operate over portugal / lisbon
1807
- joint french and spanish forces try to enter portugal
- 30th nov 1807 = french army take lisbon
napoleon coup in portugal
march 1808
- napoleon attempted a coup against charles’ (leader) pro-british son
- support of 100,000 french soliders
- charles abdicates
date of war in spanish ulcer / peninsular war
1807-1814
madrid riots
2 may 1808
- madrid citizens rebel against french occupation
- 150 french killed
- murat defeats the rebels
- hundreds of rioters were shot in french retaliation
battle of bailen
july 1808
- spanish army defeat napoleon’s forces (inexperienced forces)
- french are forced to retreat and abandon spain (22,000 men)
french mistakes caused defeat in penninsular war
- lack of experience - over 100 soldiers lost a day
- napoleon’s army was not suited for guerilla warfare (not adaptable)
- 50% of soliders were lost
- in 1809, napoleon chose to leave spain (no leadership)
- napoleon overestimated local support from middle classes
- supply lines were stretched so wide that the french couldn’t afford it anymore
- napoleon felt that overwhealming forces (270,000) would intimidate british
british caused defeat in penninsular war
- britain send in troops (british are superior in terms of arms etc)
- strong navy and access to ports to supply food to fighters
- strength of wellington as a commander
- moore dies, wellington comes back in 1809 with 30,000 troops
- august 1808 = wellington enters to help spanish
- british and spanish are united
- british rely on guerilla warfare bc british army was only 35000
guerilla warfare caused defeat in penninsular war
- guerilla warfare meant locals were intimidated into withholding grain from the french (cannot live off land)
- french could not travel on roads
- supply chains were disrupted + french relied on them too much
- juntas grouos
- over 50,000 spanish juntas are fighting the french
- diaz leads forces of 5000 men
- nationalism / patriotic spanish support
consequences of french defeat at balien in 1808
- napoleon places joseph as king of spain in august
- in august, the british send the duke of wellington to help the spanish
- in november, napoleon is embarassed and enters madrid with 80,000 troops
battle of vimiero
21st aug 1808
- british and spanish army defeat french in portugal
- british now have coastal access
consequences of peninsular war
- the british now have economic access in europe
- british exports to europe increase from 38 million in 1808 to 48 million in 1810
- british are encouraged to expand - napoleon’s reputation
- people doubt his ability
- nap couldn’t enforce the blockade and britain became more prosperous
- less prestige
wellington offensive actions post defeat in peninsular and russia
1810 = lisbon
1812 = wellington takes madrid
1812 = salamanca
1813 = british win at vittoria + liberate spain
1814 = french forces defeated at toulouse
british defeat in spain?
- british forced to withdraw from corunna at start of 1809
battle of eckmull
21st-22nd april 1809
- davout and lannes (key generals)
- napoleon was outnumbered
- FRENCH MILITARY VICTORY with 4000 men captured
- 12th may = napoleon goes back into vienna
battle of aspern-essling
21st-22nd may 1809
- french army DEFEATED for first time since 1790 at the danube
reasons for defeat at aspern-essling and explain
- strength of austrians
- austrians use corps system
- good leadership
- break bridges - limited access - french weaknesses
- outnumbered 55,000 vs 100,000
- lack supply lines
- lack of access to generals (ie davout due to broken bridges) - 1/3 troops couldn’t cross
- lannes is killed - low morale
- exhausted french generals
- naivity of napoleon of ignoring massena and expecting austrians to surrender
- 15,000 french die
- only 20,000 men were in aspen-essling (easy austrian takeover)
battle of wagram
5th-6th july 1809
- french have 188,000 troops
- FRENCH VICTORY
- french lose 30,000 troops
- austrians lose 45,000 troops
treaty of schonbrunn
14th october 1809
- austrian army limited to 150,000 men
- austria loses 83,000 square miles of territory
- 85 million paid to french
- austria joins continental blockade
- MARRIAGE OF NAP + MARIE LOUIS TO CEMENT RELATIONSHIP
- french pay-conquis get territory
reasons why austrian campaign was harder than other campaigns
- napoleon was over-confident
- french were not prepared
- french army was less experienced
- european allies had learnt napoleon’s tactics + used them against him
- napoleon was forced to rely on the pay conquis (no loyalty)
- supply lines = stretched too far
