end of chapter summary lecture test 2 Flashcards
What is the nervous system?
chapter 14 section 1
includes all the nervous tissue in the body
What is the central nervous system?
chapter 14 section 1
is composed of the brain & the spinal cord
what is the peripheral nervous system?
chapter 14 section 1
is composed of the cranial nerves, spinal nerves, ganglia
ganglia= clustes of nerve cell bodes
peripheral = nerves
where does the sensory nervous system convey sensory information?
chapter 14 section 1
The CNS & motor nervous system
which then conducts motor comands to the muscles + glands
The nervous system is functionally subdivied?
true or false
chapter 14 section 1
True
into the sensory nervous sytem & cns + motor nervous system
What are neurons ?
chapter 14 section 2
ecitable cells that transmit nerve impulses
What surronds the neurons and supports them?
chapter 14 section 2
GLIAL CELLS
what is a generalized neuron?
chapter 14 section 2
has:
a cell body
dendrites
axon
dedrites are called processes
how do we classify neurons sturctually?
chapter 14 section 2
by the number of processes attaced to the cell body
processes = dedrites
what are the types of strucural neurons?
name the 3 types + what they do
chapter 14 section 2
Unipolar- have one process
Bipolar- 2 processes
multipolar- 3 or more process
only for when it is classfied structurally
How are neurons classfied funtionally?
3 types
chapter 14 section 2
Sensory neurons
motor neurons
interneurons
functional classification of the neuron
What is a sensory neuron
chapter 14 section 2
nerve cell that detects and respondes to external signals
functional classification of the neuron
what is a motor neuron?
chapter 14 section 2
neuron that transmits signals to muscle cells or glands to control their functional output.
functional classfication of the neuron
what is a interneuron?
chapter 14 section 2
neurons that are found exclusively in the central nervous system
What helps support neurons in the CNS
chapter 14 section 2
GLIAL CELLS
What helps to form the blood brain barrier?
chapter 14 section 2
Astrocytes
What is a nerve impulse?
chapter 14 section 3
a rapid movement of a charge along a neurons plasma membrane
What is myelination?
chapter 14 section 3
oligondendrocytes & neurolemmocytes wrap around axons
Where are oligodendrocytes?
chapter 14 section 3
CNS
central nervous system
Where are neurolemmocytes?
chapter 14 section 3
PNS
Perrpherial nervous system
What does the mylein sheath do in mylenation?
what is its purpose
chapter 14 section 3
insulates the axon membrane
which results in faster nerve impulse conduction
where can regeneration of damaged neurons occur?
chapter 14 section 4
it is limited to PNS axons
only able to regrow under certain conditions
what is a nerve?
chapter 14 section 5
is a bundle of many parallel axons organized into 3 layers
What are the different layers of a nerve?
all 3 + where they are/what the wrap around
chapter 14 section 5
Endoneurium around a single axon
Perineuruim aroud a fascicle
Epieurium around all of fascicle of the nerve
What is a the synapse?
chapter 14 section 6
specialized junction between two excitable cells where a nerve impulse is transmitted
how are synapses classfied?
chapter 14 section 6
according to the point of contact between the synaptic knob & postsynaptic cell
axondendritic
axosomatic
axoaonic
when synapses are termed electrical what does that mean?
chapter 14 section 6
when a flow of ions pass from the presynaaptic cell to the post synaptic cell through gap junctions
flow of ions + gap junctions
when a synapses is termed chemical what does this mean?
chapter 14 section 6
a nerve impulse causes the release of chemcial neurotransmitter from pre synaptic cell tat induces a response in post synaptic cell
Release of chemical neurotransmitter
What are interneurons organized into ?
chapter 14 section 7
neural circuits
What are neural circuits ?
chapter 14 section 7
groups of interconnected neurons with specific functions
What is a converging circuit?
chapter 14 section 7
neurons synapse on the same post- synaptic neuron
What is reverberating circuit ?
chapter 14 section 7
neurons synapse of the same post - synaptic neuron
what is a diverging circuit ?
chapter 14 section 7
spreads information to several neurons
What is a parallel afer discharge circuit ?
chapter 14 section 7
parallel patheways that process the same information overdifferent amounts of time & deliver infromation
When does nervous tissue & neural plate developemnt begin?
chapter 14 section 8
in the early embryo
when the neural plate grows & develops what appears ?
chapter 14 section 8
NEURAL GROOVE
When the neural folds fuse what does this give rise too?
chapter 14 section 8
NEURAL TUBE
why is the neural tube important ?
chapter 14 section 8
it is from which the brain and spinal cord develop
What is the brain?
Chapter 15 section 1
complex organ that controls all of our activites & performs numerous functions simitaneously
How many main regions does the brain have ?
What are they ?
Chapter 15 section 1
4
cerebrum
diencephalon
the brainstem
cerebellum
How many primary vesicles does the brain have?
what do they form from
Chapter 15 section 1
3
prosencephalon
mesencephalon
Rhombencphalon
neural tube in the late fourth week of development
