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RESP Y1 > End of Block > Flashcards

End of Block Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is not a function of the conducting zone of the respiratory system?

A. Humidifying the air
B. Adjusting the air to body temperature
C. Exchanging gases between the respiratory system and the blood
D. Secreting mucus
E. Protecting the lungs from inhaled particles

A

C. Exchanging gases between the respiratory system and the blood

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2
Q

At what partial pressure of oxygen does haemoglobin become 90% saturated with oxygen?

A

8 kPa

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3
Q

Expiratory reserve volume + residual volume = ?

A

Functional residual capacity

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4
Q

During hyperventilation, which of the following would be expected to happen?

A. A decrease in the partial pressure of oxygen of arterial blood
B. A decrease in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide of arterial blood
C. And increase in the acidity of arterial blood
D. An increase in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide concentration of arterial blood
E. A decrease in the pH of arterial blood

A

B. A decrease in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide of arterial blood

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5
Q

What is responsible for the fine tuning of the respiratory rhythm?

A

The Pneumotaxic Centre

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6
Q

Which of the following factors would increase the amount of oxygen released from haemoglobin to peripheral tissues?

A. Decreased temperature 
B. Decreased pH
C. Increased tissue partial pressure of oxygen 
D. Decreased carbon dioxide 
E. Decreased 2,3- DPG
A

B. Decreased pH

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7
Q

What occurs during inspiration in terms of atmospheric pressure?

A

Atmospheric pressure is greater than intrapulmonary pressure

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8
Q

What is Boyle’s Law?

A

P1V1 = P2V2

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9
Q

One function of pulmonary surfactant lining the alveoli is to

A. Decrease compliance 
B. Increase surface tension
C. Decrease partial pressure of oxygen 
D. Stabilise alveolar size 
E. Facilitate the joining of smaller alveoli with larger alveoli
A

D. Stabilise alveolar size

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10
Q

What are the smallest airways in the conducting zone?

A

Terminal bronchioles

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11
Q

Increasing ventilation during exercise to meet the demands of more active tissues is an example of?

A

Hyperpnoea

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12
Q

During ventilation- perfusion coupling:

A. Bronchioles constrict in response to increased partial pressure of carbon dioxide
B. Lung arteriole constrict in response to decreased partial pressure of oxygen
C. Bronchioles dilate in response to increased partial pressure of oxygen
D. Bronchioles constrict in response to decreased partial pressure of oxygen
E. Both bronchioles and lung arteriole dilate in repose to increased partial pressure of carbon dioxide

A

B. Lung arteriole constrict in response to decreased partial pressure of oxygen

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13
Q

Increased oxygenation of haemoglobin promotes the dissociation of carbon dioxide. This is refereed to as..

A

Haldane effect

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14
Q

What does the trachea bifurcate at the level of the sternal angle into?

A

Right and left main bronchi

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15
Q

The product of tidal volume and breathing frequency gives?

A

Minute ventilation

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16
Q

What weak acid is formed when carbon dioxide dissolves?

A

Carbonic acid

17
Q

What is produced at the alveolar-capillary interface as a result of the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation being driven to the left?

A

Carbon dioxide and water

18
Q

What is produced by carbonic anhydrase to regulate pH levels in the blood?

A

bicarbonate and hydrogen ions

19
Q

What is reabsorbed by the kidney to compensate for a decrease in blood pH?

A

Bicarbonate

20
Q

Increased levels of what directly stimulate central chemoreceptors resulting in an increase in breathing rate?

A

Hydrogen ions

21
Q

What innervated the cricothyroid muscle?

A

External laryngeal

22
Q

What innervates general sensation above the level of the vocal folds?

A

Internal laryngeal

23
Q

What innervates general sensation below the level of the vocal folds?

A

Recurrent laryngeal

24
Q

What innervates the left muscular dome of the diaphragm?

A

Phrenic nerve

25
Q

What innervates intrinsic muscles of the larynx?

A

Recurrent laryngeal

26
Q

What respiratory group regulates the respiratory rate?

A

Pontine respiratory group (PRG)

27
Q

What respiratory group is only active during forced breathing?

A

Ventral respiratory group (VRG)

28
Q

What nerve relays sensory information from the lungs?

A

Vagus nerve

29
Q

What nerve carries chemoreceptive information from the carotid bodies?

A

Glossopharyngeal

30
Q

What nerve monitors chemoreceptors located in the aortic bodies?

A

Vagus nerve

31
Q

The process of removing pathogens from the airway surface by beating cilia is called?

A

Mucociliary clearance

32
Q

Activation of what ion channel results in a reduction in ASL volume?

A

ENaC

33
Q

Activation of what ion channel results in an increase of ASL?

A

CFTR

34
Q

What is a protein component of ASL?

A

Mucin

35
Q

What is the process by which alveolar macrophages remove pathogens from the airway?

A

Phagocytosis

RESP Y1 (12 decks)

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