End of Block Flashcards
Which of the following is not a function of the conducting zone of the respiratory system?
A. Humidifying the air
B. Adjusting the air to body temperature
C. Exchanging gases between the respiratory system and the blood
D. Secreting mucus
E. Protecting the lungs from inhaled particles
C. Exchanging gases between the respiratory system and the blood
At what partial pressure of oxygen does haemoglobin become 90% saturated with oxygen?
8 kPa
Expiratory reserve volume + residual volume = ?
Functional residual capacity
During hyperventilation, which of the following would be expected to happen?
A. A decrease in the partial pressure of oxygen of arterial blood
B. A decrease in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide of arterial blood
C. And increase in the acidity of arterial blood
D. An increase in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide concentration of arterial blood
E. A decrease in the pH of arterial blood
B. A decrease in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide of arterial blood
What is responsible for the fine tuning of the respiratory rhythm?
The Pneumotaxic Centre
Which of the following factors would increase the amount of oxygen released from haemoglobin to peripheral tissues?
A. Decreased temperature B. Decreased pH C. Increased tissue partial pressure of oxygen D. Decreased carbon dioxide E. Decreased 2,3- DPG
B. Decreased pH
What occurs during inspiration in terms of atmospheric pressure?
Atmospheric pressure is greater than intrapulmonary pressure
What is Boyle’s Law?
P1V1 = P2V2
One function of pulmonary surfactant lining the alveoli is to
A. Decrease compliance B. Increase surface tension C. Decrease partial pressure of oxygen D. Stabilise alveolar size E. Facilitate the joining of smaller alveoli with larger alveoli
D. Stabilise alveolar size
What are the smallest airways in the conducting zone?
Terminal bronchioles
Increasing ventilation during exercise to meet the demands of more active tissues is an example of?
Hyperpnoea
During ventilation- perfusion coupling:
A. Bronchioles constrict in response to increased partial pressure of carbon dioxide
B. Lung arteriole constrict in response to decreased partial pressure of oxygen
C. Bronchioles dilate in response to increased partial pressure of oxygen
D. Bronchioles constrict in response to decreased partial pressure of oxygen
E. Both bronchioles and lung arteriole dilate in repose to increased partial pressure of carbon dioxide
B. Lung arteriole constrict in response to decreased partial pressure of oxygen
Increased oxygenation of haemoglobin promotes the dissociation of carbon dioxide. This is refereed to as..
Haldane effect
What does the trachea bifurcate at the level of the sternal angle into?
Right and left main bronchi
The product of tidal volume and breathing frequency gives?
Minute ventilation
What weak acid is formed when carbon dioxide dissolves?
Carbonic acid
What is produced at the alveolar-capillary interface as a result of the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation being driven to the left?
Carbon dioxide and water
What is produced by carbonic anhydrase to regulate pH levels in the blood?
bicarbonate and hydrogen ions
What is reabsorbed by the kidney to compensate for a decrease in blood pH?
Bicarbonate
Increased levels of what directly stimulate central chemoreceptors resulting in an increase in breathing rate?
Hydrogen ions
What innervated the cricothyroid muscle?
External laryngeal
What innervates general sensation above the level of the vocal folds?
Internal laryngeal
What innervates general sensation below the level of the vocal folds?
Recurrent laryngeal
What innervates the left muscular dome of the diaphragm?
Phrenic nerve
