Enculturation Flashcards
For SAQ
What is enculturation?
The process of being socialised to a particular culture
Enculturation is a product of socialisation.
What does socialisation refer to?
The general process of acquiring culture
It encompasses various methods through which individuals learn about their culture.
What is the primary focus of social cognitive learning theory?
Behaviours are learned through observation, imitation, and shaping
Feedback is perceived as either reward or punishment.
How are individuals socialised into their culture?
Through the formation of their gender identities
Gender identities are shaped by cultural norms.
What does it mean that gender is a social construct?
An individual’s gender roles are part of a social identity shaped by culture
This includes conceptions of masculinity and femininity.
According to social cognitive theory, how are gender identities and roles learned?
From the environment through observational learning
Children observe behaviours related to gender in their surroundings.
What is the primary method for learning gender behaviours?
Observational learning
Children learn by watching same-gender models.
Who is typically a child’s first source of information about gender?
Parents
Parents communicate different expectations based on the child’s sex.
What did Fagot’s (1978) study observe?
Parental reactions to toddlers’ gender-related behaviours
The study included 24 families and used an observation checklist.
What was a key finding of Fagot’s study regarding parents’ responses?
Parents reacted more favourably to gender-appropriate behaviours
Examples include boys playing with blocks and girls playing with dolls.
What did follow-up interviews in Fagot’s study reveal?
Parents’ perceptions did not correlate with researchers’ observations
This indicates unconscious behaviour in gender socialization.
What does the study by Fagot suggest about gender enculturation?
It can be a non-conscious behaviour passed down through generations
Parents teach children about appropriate behaviours according to cultural gender norms.
Fill in the blank: The social cognitive theory views gender identity and roles as behaviours learned from the _______.
[environment]
