EMT Lab Quiz 1 Flashcards
Snoring
respiratory term that occurs when the upper airway is partially obstructed by tongue
treatment: head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver and repositioning
Crowing
respiratory term that occurs when muscles around the larynx spasm and narrow trachea opening
Gurgling
respiratory term that occurs when their is presence of blood, vomitus, secretions, or other liquids in upper airway
treatment: immediate suction/repositioning and scoop
Stridor
respiratory term that refers to a harsh, high-pitched inhalation caused by either obstruction (food) or upper airway obstruction from swelling in larynx
Wheezing
respiratory term that refers to high-pitched exhalation and inhalation that occurs due to swelling and inflammation of bronchioles (aka lower airway resistance)
Common symptom of asthma, allergic reaction, or emphysema)
Rhonchi
respiratory term that refers to course crackles during auscultation which indicates obstruction of the larger airways. The sound usually changes when patient repositions
Auscultation
listening to lungs using a stethoscope
Rales
also known as crackles which is a respiratory term that refers to bubbly/crackling sound heard during inhalation
Dyspnea
shortness of breath
Hypoxia
lack of circulating oxygen
Apoxia
no circulating oxygen
Aspiration
the act of breathing in a foreign substance (getting solid food or liquid in respiratory tract) which ultimately leads to choking/coughing
Atelectasis
respiratory term that refers to when alveoli collapse
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
respiratory term that refers to an interference with gas exchange possibly due to atelectasis (collapse of alveoli) and fluid build up in alveoli
Alveoli
tiny sacs of gas where gas exchange occurs
Bradycardia
term for slow heart rate
Tachycardia
term for fast heart rate
Four factors to assess respiration
Rhythm
Rate
Depth
Quality
Rhythm
a measurement of respiration that describes intervals between breaths
Recorded: regular or irregular
Rate
a measurement of respiration that measures the number of breaths (inhale + exhale = 1 breath) a patient takes in 1 minute.
Recorded by counting breaths for 30 sec x 2
Normal adult: 12-20 breaths/min
Depth
a measurement of respiration that describes the volume of air exchanged with each breath
Recorded: shallow or deep
Quality
a measurement of respiration that describes the characteristic of each respiration
Recorded: normal, labored, wheezing, rhonchi, rales, stridor, etc…
Locations for auscultation
- On the midclavicular line, 2 in below clavicle
- On the midaxillary line, between the 4th and 5th intercostal space (close to nipple line below armpit)
Remember to listen to both sides, then move on to different location.
Taking Lung Vital Sign
normal record: normal and bilaterally equal
abnormal: faded/diminished/absent on ___ side, wheezing, rales, crackles, etc.
Three factors to asses pulse
Rate
Rhythm
Strength
Pulse
the rhythmic beats felt as the heart pumps blood through the arteries
Rate
measurement of the pulse that is recorded as the number of beats per minute (BPM)
Rhythm
measurement of the pulse that describes the intervals between beats
Recorded: regular or irregular
Strength
measurement of the pulse that described the pressure of the pulse
Recorded: bounding, normal or thready
Thready pulse
describes a weak, rapid pulse usually a sign of shock
Bounding pulse
describes an abnormally strong pulse
Blood pressure
a vital sign that is measures the pressure created in the arteries written as systolic/diastolic
Systolic Pressure
the greatest pressure against the walls of the arteries during contraction of the heart measured in mmHg
Diastolic Pressure
the pressure inside the arterial walls as the heart relaxes or refills measured in mmHg
Sphymomanometer
also known as a blood pressure cuff
Carotid artery
artery in neck where you can measure pulse
Brachial artery
artery in elbow where you can measure pulse
Radial artery
artery in wrist where you can measure pulse
Femoral artery
artery near groin where you can measure pulse
Popliteal artery
artery behind knee where you can measure pulse
Posterior tibial artery
artery found in inner heel on foot where you can measure pulse
Dorsalis pedis artery
artery found on foot (little lower than space between big toe and index toe) where you can measure pulse
Skin
a very vascular part of the body that can give valuable signs to blood loss and other condition
Three factors to assess skin
Color
Temperature
Moisture
Color of skin
a measurement of the skin to describe color
Recorded: normal and pink, pink, ashen (gray), cyanotic (blue-gray), jaundice (yellow), flushed (red/blush), mottled (purple: blood pooling)
Cyanotic
skin that appears blue-gray usually a sign of hypoxia or anoxia
Temperature
a measurement of the skin to describe warmth/coolness
Recorded: normal and warm, hot, cool, cold
Moisture
a measurement of the skin to describe the moisture of the skin
Recorded: dry, moist, clammy
Pupils
the black center of the eye and is directly correlated with neurological function which can provide information about certain medical problems
Taking Pupil Vital Sign
normal record= Pupils Equal and Reactive to Light (PERL)
abnormal= constricted (pinpoint), dilated (large), unequal, unreactive to light
Vital Signs to assess
Respirations Lung Pulse Blood Pressure Skin Pupils
