Ch. 10: Airway Management, Artificial Ventilation, and Oxygenation Flashcards
Respiration
the process of gas exchange that occurs
between the alveoli and the pulmonary capillaries and
between the body’s cells and their adjacent capillaries as well as the use of glucose and oxygen during normal
metabolism within the cells
Ventilation/Breathing
moving air in and out of the lungs
Respiration broken down into 4 categories
- Pulmonary Ventilation
- External Respiration
- Internal Respiration
- Cellular Respiration and Metabolism
Pulmonary Ventilation
Part of respiration that refers to the mechanical process of moving air in and out of the lungs
External Respiration
Part of respiration that refers to the gas exchange that occurs between the alveoli and surrounding pulmonary capillaries; serves to oxygenate the blood and eliminate carbon dioxide in the lungs
Internal Respiration
Part of respiration that refers to the gas exchange between the cells and the systemic capillaries; serves to oxygenate the blood and eliminate carbon dioxide in the lungs
Cellular Respiration and Metabolism
Part of respiration that occurs in the cell where glucose breaks down in the presence of oxygen producing ATP and releasing CO2 and water.
Cricoid Cartilage
cartilage found at most inferior portion of larynx. Can be felt under the “adam’s apple”
Upper Airway
refers to area from nose/mouth to cricoid cartilage (base of larynx)
mucous membrane
lining of nose that warms, filters, and moistens air.
Pharynx
throat (can be divided into nasopharynx and oropharynz)
Nasopharynx
Path air travels from nose to throat
Oropharynx
Path air travels from mouth to throat
Trachea and Esophagus
Two paths found at the lower end of the pharynx
Trachea
Pathway of air into lungs from the pharynx. It extends to the carina.
Esophagus
Pathway of food and liquid from the pharynx
Epiglottis
Small piece of tissue that prevents food/water from getting into lungs by covering trachea when swallowing
Larynx
Just superior to the trachea and just inferior to the epiglottis. AKA the voice box because it contains the vocal cords
Thyroid Cartilage
bulky cartilage found in the anterior portion of larynx. AKA adam’s apple
Lower Airway
portion of respiratory system that extends from the cricoid cartilage to the alveoli of the lungs
Carina
The major branching point of the trachea into the right and left main-stem bronchi
Bronchi
The two main stems that branch from the carina at the base of the trachea
Bronchioles
smaller branches coming off of bronchi that end in alveoli within the lungs. they are lined with mucous membrane and composed of smooth muscle
Alveoli
air sac wrapped in a web of pulmonary capillaries. site where gas-exchange occurs between gas inside and blood in capillaries
Lungs
made of elastic tissue surrounded by 2 layers of connective tissue. Left has 2 lobes and right has 3 lobes
Pleura
Connective tissue that layers the lungs (2 layer types)
Early signs of hypoxia in skin
Pale, cool, and clammy
Late signs of hypoxia in skin
Cyanosis
Early signs of hypoxia in mentality
Patient is agitated and confused
Cyanosis
a bluish gray color that appears on the lips, mouth, nose, fingernail beds, and/or conjunctiva indicating late hypoxia
Positive Pressure Ventilation (PPV)
the process of forcing air into a patient’s lungs (aka artificial ventilation)
deoxygenated
low oxygen concentration usually referring to blood
oxygenated
high oxygen concentration usually referring to blood
Hemoglobin
part of the red blood cell responsible for picking up oxygen
Aerobic Respiration
normal metabolism within the cells that requires oxygen
Anaerobic respiration
metabolism within cells without oxygen that creates lactic acid as a by product and is less energy efficient
Flail Chest
two or more ribs fractured in two or more places
(5) Airway anatomy differences in child and adult
- Nose and mouth are smaller
- Tongue is larger and takes up more space in pharynx
- Trachea is narrower, softer, and more flexible
- Cricoid cartilage is not fully developed
- Epiglottis is U-shaped and protrudes into pharynx
Patent Airway
aka open airway
