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EMT > EMT Glossary page 1348 > Flashcards

EMT Glossary page 1348 Flashcards

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1
Q

Secondary effects

A

Effects from flying debris, shrapnel, and other projectiles. In an explosion, the flying debris can cause significant penetrating injury or blunt trauma. Flames and hot gases present in explosions also result in secondary effect injuries.

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2
Q

Secondary triage

A

Reevaluation that takes place in the triage unit of the severity of a patient’s condition and priority for treatment and transport.

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3
Q

Seizure

A

A sudden and temporary alteration in the mental status caused by massive electrical discharge in a group of nerve cells in the brain.

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4
Q

Sellick maneuver

A

See cricoid pressure.

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5
Q

Semi-Fowlers’ position

A

A position in which the patient is lying on the back with upper body elevated at less than 45 degrees. See also Fowler’s position.

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6
Q

Sensitization

A

Exposure to an allergen that results in hypersensitivity to that allergen; see also hypersensitivity.

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7
Q

Septic shock

A

A type of distributive shock caused by an infection that releases bacteria or toxins into the blood.

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8
Q

Serous fluid

A

Fluid that acts as a lubricant to reduce the friction between the parietal and visceral pleura.

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9
Q

Sexual abuse

A

The involvement of a child in sexual activities for the gratification of an older or more powerful person.

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10
Q

Shock

A

The insufficient delivery of oxygen and other nutrients to some of the body’s cells and inadequate elimination of carbon dioxide and other wastes that results form inadequate circulation of blood; also called hypoperfusion.

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11
Q

Shock position

A

Elevation of the legs of a supine patient approximately 12 includes; an alternative to the Trendelenburg position; sometimes useful for treating a simple faint but no longer recommended in the treatment of shock.

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12
Q

Shoulder dystocia

A

Abnormal delivery when the fetal shoulders are larger than the fetal head and the head delivers but the shoulders are caught between the symphysis pubis and the sacrum.

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13
Q

Side effects

A

The undesired effects of a medication; for example, side effects of epinephrine are increased heart rate and anxiety.

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14
Q

Signs

A

Any objective evidence of medical or trauma conditions that can be seen, heard, felt, or smelled in a patient.

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15
Q

Silent heart attack

A

A myocardial infarction (heart attack) that does not cause chest pain or discomfort.

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16
Q

Simple access

A

A way to gain access to at patient that does not require tools or specialized equipment.

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17
Q

Skeletal muscle

A

Any muscle that can be consciously controlled by the individual; also called voluntary muscle.

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18
Q

Skeletal system

A

The bony framework of the body.

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19
Q

Skull

A

The bony structure at the top of the spinal column that houses and protects the brain; the skull has two parts, the cranium and the face.

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20
Q

Slander

A

The act of injuring a person’s reputation or good name through spoken statements with malicious intent or reckless disregard for the falsity of those statements.

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21
Q

Small-volume nebulizer (SVN)

A

A device that uses compressed air or oxygen to nebulize a liquid medication into a mist that a patient can inhale.

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22
Q

Smooth muscle

A

Muscle that carries out the automatic muscular functions of the body; also called involuntary muscle.

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23
Q

Snoring

A

A sound that is heard when the base of the tongue or relaxed tissues in the pharynx partially block the upper airway; also called sonorous sound.

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24
Q

Soft catheter

A

Flexible tubing that is part of a suctioning system, also called a French catheter.

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25
Q

Somatic pain

A

See parietal pain.

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26
Q

Spacer

A

A chamber that is connected to the metered-dose inhaler to collect the medication until it is inhaled.

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27
Q

Sphygmomanometer

A

Instrument used to measure blood pressure; also called a blood pressure cuff.

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28
Q

Spinal column

A

The column of 33 vertebrae that enclose and protect the spinal cord; also called the vertebral column.

29
Q

Spinal cord

A

A column of nervous tissue that exists from the brain and extends to the level of L2 within the spinal column. All nerves to the trunk and extremities originate from the spinal cord.

30
Q

Spinal shock

A

Shock caused by injury to the spinal cord, causing paralysis and loss of senstation below the level of the spinal cord injury. Signs include motor and sensory dysfunction. Normal to low heart rate and warm, dry, pink skin may occur if vasodilation and relative hypovolemia (neurogenic hypotension) are present.

31
Q

Splint

A

Any device used to immobilize a body part.

32
Q

Spontaneous abortion

A

Without apparent cause, the termination of a pregnancy before the fetus reaches the stage of viability, generally before the 20th week of pregnancy; also called miscarriage.

33
Q

Staging unit

A

In a multiple-casualty incident, the unit that monitors, inventories, and directs available ambulances to the treatment unit at the request of the transport officer.

34
Q

Standard of care

A

Emergency care that would be expected to be given to a patient by any trained EMT under similar circumstances.

35
Q

Standard Precautions

A

A method of preventing infection by disease organisms based on the premise that all blood and body fluids are infectious; formerly called body substance isolation.

36
Q

Standing orders

A

Preauthorized treatment procedures; a type of treatment protocol; see also off-line medical direction, protocols.

37
Q

Status epilepticus

A

A seizure lasting longer than 5 minutes or seizures that occur consecutively without a period of responsiveness between them. This is a serious medical emergency that may be life threatening.

38
Q

Stenosis

A

Constriction or narrowing of a passage or opening, for example, of the valves of the heart.

39
Q

Sterile

A

Free from living microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, or spores that may cause infection.

40
Q

Sterilization

A

The process by which an object is subject to certain chemical or physical substances (typically, superheated steam in an autoclave) that kill all microorganisms on the surface of an object.

41
Q

Sternum

A

The breastbone.

42
Q

Stoma

A

A permanent surgical opening into the next and trachea; see also tracheostomy.

43
Q

Stretch receptors

A

Receptors found in the smooth muscle of the airways that monitor the size and volume of the lungs. These receptors stimulate a decrease in the rate and volume of ventilation when stretched by high tidal volumes to protect against lung overinflation.

44
Q

Stridor

A

A harsh, high-pitched sound heart on inspiration that indicates swelling of the larynx or obstruction of the upper airway.

45
Q

Stroke

A

A sudden disruption in blood flow to the brain that results in brain cell damage. Blood flow might be interrupted by a ruptured artery or blocked by a clot or other foreign matter in an artery that supplies the brain.

46
Q

Stroke volume

A

The volume of blood ejected by the left ventricle with each contraction.

47
Q

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

A

Bleeding that occurs between the arachnoid membrane and the surface of the brain.

48
Q

Subarachnoid space

A

A lattice of fibrous, spongy tissue filled with cerebrospinal fluid that separates the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater.

49
Q

Subcutaneous layer

A

A layer of fatty tissue just below the dermis; see also dermis, epidermis.

50
Q

Subdural

A

Beneath the dura mater.

51
Q

Subdural hematoma

A

Bleeding between the brain and the dura mater.

52
Q

Sucking chest wound

A

An open wound to the chest that permits air to enter into the thoracic cavity.

53
Q

Sudden death

A

Death of patient within 1 hour of the onset of signs and symptoms.

54
Q

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

A

The sudden and unexpected death of an infant or young child in which an autopsy fails to identify the cause of death. SIDS typically occurs while the infant is asleep.

55
Q

Suffix

A

A word part added to the end of a word to modify its meaning or to give additional or specific meaning to the word.

56
Q

Suicide

A

A willful act designed to end one’s own life.

57
Q

Superficial burn

A

Burn that involves only the epidermis, also called a first-degree burn.

58
Q

Superior

A

Above; toward the head; opposite of inferior.

59
Q

Superior plane

A

Everything above the transverse line (above the waist); opposite of inferior plane.

60
Q

Supine

A

Lying face up.

61
Q

Supine hypotensive syndrome

A

Inadequate return of venous blood to the heart, reduced cardiac output, and lowered blood pressure resulting from pressure on the inferior vena cava, caused by the weight of the uterus and fetus when the patient in late pregnancy is in a supine position.

62
Q

Support zone

A

See cold zone.

63
Q

Surfactant

A

A substance responsible for maintaining surface tension in the alveoli.

64
Q

Surgically implanted medication delivery devices

A

Medication administration devices that are surgically devices that are surgically placed beneath the skin outside the rib cage; also called a totally implantable venous access system (TIVAS).

65
Q

Survival

A

Term applied to a patient who survives cardiac arrest to be discharged from the hospital.

66
Q

Symptoms

A

Conditions that must be described by the patient because they cannot be observed by another person.

67
Q

Syncope

A

A brief period of unresponsiveness caused by a lack of blood flow to the brain; fainting.

68
Q

Systemic vascular resistance

A

The resistance of blood flow through a vessel based on the diameter of the vessel.

69
Q

Systolic blood pressure

A

The pressure exerted against the walls of the arteries when the left ventricle contracts; see also diastolic blood pressure.

EMT (12 decks)

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