EMT Final Flashcards
What is placenta previa
The placenta covers the cervix
Signs: painless vaginal bleeding
Placental abruption
Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall
Signs: painful vaginal bleeding, rige abdomen, signs of shock
Preeclampsia
High blood pressure in pregnancy after 20 weeks
Signs: hypertension, swollen hands/feet, headache
Eclampsia
Severe progression of preeclampsia leading to seizures
Signs: seizures in a progeny patient
Ectopic pregnancy
Fertilized egg outside of uterus
Signs: severe lower abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding, kerhs sign
Braxton hicks
False contraction
Signs: contractions don’t get worse, come and go
Gcs:
Eye: 4
Verbal: 5
Motor: 6
Rule of nines
Head: 9
Each arm: 9
Each leg: 18
Front torso: 18
Back torso: 18
Genital: 1
Activated charcoal
For poisoning/overdose, 1g/kg
Albuteral
Bronchospasm, 2.5 mg
Aspiren
Chest pain, 324mg chewable
Epi
Anaphylaxis, .03mg
Nitroglycerin
Chest pain, .04mg, max 3 doses
Oral glucose
Hypoglycemia, 15-25g
Oxygen
Hypoxia, 1-15 L/min
Naloxone
Opioid overdose, .4-4mg
RUQ
Liver, gullbladder, right kidney, colon
RLQ
Appendix, right ovary and fallupian tube, right uterer, colon
LUQ
Stomach, spleen, left kidney, pancreas colon
LLQ
Left ovary and fallopian tube, left uterer, colon
Tension pneumothorax
Air enters pleural space but can’t escape leading to increased pressure on lung, heart, and great vessels,
Cause: penetrating trauma,
Signs/symptoms: shortness of breath, tracheal divination, JVD, hypotension
Hemothorax
Blood enters the pluearal space
Cause: Chest trauma
Signs/symptoms: chest pain, dyspnea, finished lung sounds, symptoms of shock
Pulimary embolism
When a clot enter lungs
Cause: DVT
Signs/symptoms: dyspnea, tachycardia, hypotension, anxiety, tachypnea
Hypoglycemia
Low blood sugar
Tachycardia, shaking, sweating, confusion, hunger sweet smelling breath
Hyperglycemia
High blood sugar
Increased thirst, dry mouth, NEEDING TO PEE, blurred vision
Aneurysm
It’s a bulge
Hollow organs
Stomach, esophagus, small and large intestines, gallbladder, fallopian tubes, urinary bladder,
Solid organs
Spleen, liver, pancreas, kidneys and overies, can cause shock and bleeding
Percentage for rule of nines
Half for one part of each
Head: 9
Each upper extremity is 9
Anterior torso18
Posterior torso 18
Each lower extremity is 18
Genitals is 1
Alvusion
Forcible tearing of skin, or another part of body, amputations are also alvusions
Abrasion
A superficial rub or wearing off of skin
Hematoma
Bad bruise
Superficial
Injuries to outermost layer of tissue
Scrapes, bruising
Partial thickness
Involves both the outer layer and some underlying layers
Deep cuts including epidermis and dermis
Full thickness
Injuries involving all layers of tissue, potentially reaching muscle or bone, keep lacerations
Dcap-btls
Deformities
Contusion
Abrasion
Punctures
Bruising
Tenderness
Laceration
Swelling
Respiratory distress
Body is still able to compensate for increased work of breathing
Signs: nasal flaring restlessness, tripod position, cyanotic around lips and fingers
Respiratory failure
The body cannot maintain breathing and cannot compensate anymore
Signs: altered mental status, cyanosis, decreased spo2
Resporty arrest
Breathing has completely stopped
Signs: no breathing, cyanosis
Adults respiratory rate
12-20
Preschool reaporty rate (3-5 years)
20-28
Infant respiratory rate <1
30-53
Adult pulse
60-100
Preschool pulse(3-5 years)
80-120
Infant pulse <1
100-180
Adult blood pressure
120/80
Prechsool blood pressure (3-5 years)
112/72
Infant blood pressure <1
104/56
Spo2
94% or higher