EMR - Day #2 Flashcards
How does the Primary Survey go?
1) D-spine
2) LOC (AVPU)
3) ABCs (conscious/responsive patient)
CAB (unconscious/unresponsive patient)
4) RBS
5) SOAPI T
What does LOC (AVPU) stand for?
LOC stands for Loss Of Consciousness, AVPU is how you test for it.
Alert, is the patient alert and tracking?
Verbal, does the patient respond to verbal stimuli?
Pain, does the patient respond to painful stimuli?
Unresponsive, is the patient not responding at all to any stimuli?
What does ABC/CAB stand for and what is the difference?
For conscious patients:
Airway, is it clear or obstructed?
Breathing, is the patient breathing?
Circulation, does the patient have a pulse?
For unconscious patients:
Circulation, does the patient have a pulse?
Airway, is it clear or obstructed?
Breathing, is the patient breathing?
What manual maneuvers can be done to open an airway?
1) Jaw thrust (for patients with a spinal or suspected spinal injury)
2) Chin tilt (for patients without a spinal or suspected spinal injury)
What is the breathing rate of a normal adult?
The breathing rate of a normal adult is 12-20 breathes per minute.
What is the normal breathing rate of a child?
The normal breathing rate of a child is 16-24 breathes per minute.
When should you use a BVM (Bag Valve Mask) on a patient?
You should use a BVM on a patient when they are presenting with decreasing LOC, decreasing SPo2, cyanosis (blue skin), agonal respiration and less then 10 breathes per minute.
What are agonal respirations?
Agonal respirations are when a patient is guppy breathing or gasping for air.
What does the BOOTS acronym stand for?
Bearded, Old, Obese, Toothless, Sounds
These are all types of patients that can be more difficult to bag than others.
Where do you check the pulse of a conscious patient?
You check the pulse of a conscious patient using the radial pulse.
Where do you check the pulse of an unconscious patient?
You check the pulse of an unconscious patient using the carotid pulse.
What is a RBS (Rapid Body Survey)
A RBS is a quick once over/pat down of the patients body, looking for deformities and painful areas. Starting with what is the most concerning to the least concerning.
Head/Face
Neck
Chest
Back
Abdomen (all quadrants)
Pelvis
Legs
Arms
What does SOAPI T stand for?
Skin (temp, colour, moisture)
Oxygen (is patient still breathing ok)
Airway/Auscultation (re-check airway and listen to lungs)
Package, Position, Protocol (are there any protocols to be followed)
Intervention check (what interventions should be made)
Transport (RTC or non-RTC)
What does RTC stand for?
RTC stands for Rapid Transport Criteria/Category, these patients need to be off of the scene in 15 minutes or less and need to have their vitals taken at least every 5 minutes.
What does NRTC stand for?
NRTC stands for Non Rapid Transport Criteria/Category, these patients need to be off of the scene in 30 minutes or less and need to have their vitals taken at least every 15 minutes.
What pulse should you check when you find a deformity in the RBS?
You need to check the distal pulse (the pulse furthest from the trunk of the body).
How much O2 does a nasal cannula provide?
A nasal cannula (NC) provides 2-6 lpm of O2.
How much O2 does a non-rebreather mask provide?
A non-rebreather mask (NRB) provides 10-15 lpm of O2.
How much O2 does a bag valve mask provide?
A bag valve mask provides 15 lpm of O2 and is the only ventilation device out of the oxygenation devices.
If a patient is “snoring”, what should you do?
If a patient is “snoring”, you should insert an OPA.
If a patient is “gurgling” what should you do?
If a patient is “gurgling”, you need to suction out their airway.
What is a RTC patient?
A RTC patient is a patient who is unstable or is in a life or limb threatening situation.
What is a NRTC patient?
A NRTC patient is a patient that is stable and is dealing with minor injuries or illness
