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ATS1262: Social Behaviour > Emotions, Love & Relationships > Flashcards

Emotions, Love & Relationships Flashcards

1
Q

What is “emotion”?

A

“Conscious state that includes an evaluative reaction to some event”

  • Physiological arousal
  • Expressive behaviour
  • Conscious experience
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2
Q

Affect

Emotions

Mood

Disorders

A

Affect

  • Immediate
  • Event-related
  • Like/dislike reaction

Emotions

  • Brief
  • Event-related
  • Powerful, unified feeling

Mood

  • Medium-term
  • Not related to a specific event
  • Feeling state

Disorders

  • Long-term
  • Not always related to event
  • Deep and enduring

EMOTIONS HELP UP ACHIEVE GOALS

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3
Q

Theories of Emotion

A

Common Sense Theory

James-Lange Theory

Cannon-Bard Theory

Schachter-Singer Theory

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4
Q

Common Sense Theory

Theories of Emotion

A
  1. Stimulus (scary dog)
  2. Conscious experience (i’m scared)
  3. Physiological arousal (heart beats faster)

What we think is happening

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5
Q

James - Lange Theory

Theories of Emotion

A
  1. Stimulus (scary bear)
  2. Physiological arousal (heart pounding, sweating, running)
  3. Conscious experience (feel fear)

You experience physiological response before you feel that you are afraid

  • Not confirmed by physiological evidence
  • Because symptoms are not different for each emotion
  • For all we get nervous, heart pounds, sweating

Facial Feedback hypothesis

  • Strong version: expressions cause emotions (weak)
  • Weaker version: expressions modify the intensity of the emotion
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6
Q

Cannon - Bard Theory

Theories of Emotion

A
  1. Stimulus

2. Conscious experience & Physiological arousal

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7
Q

Schachter - Singer Theory
Cognitive Labelling Theory

(Theories of Emotion)

A
  1. Stimulus (bear)
  2. Physiological arousal (sweating, hear pounding)
  3. Cognitive label (thats is one scary bear i’m afraid of it!)
  4. Conscious experience (fear)

Best fit??

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8
Q

Misattribution of arousal

A

Excitation Transfer
- We can mislabel our state of arousal

Example:

  • Decaf, please
  • Oops won’t tell him
  • I must be angry at that jerk who cut me off
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9
Q

“Lower brain” vs Cortex

A

Lower brains

  • All vertebrates
  • Emotions produced

Cortex

  • Most mammals, varying in size
  • Analysis of emotions (reasoning, logic)
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10
Q

Affective Drives

A

Affect: Immediate response to a stimulus (good or bad)

Occur in lower brain

  • Drivers of emotional behaviour
  • Human & other mammals

Not mutually exclusive

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11
Q

SEEKING

Affective Drives

A

Positive or Negative

  • Curiosity, approach behaviours
  • With positive emotions - sense of purpose
  • With negative emotions - impetus to change situation

What you’re feeling as you’re about to get what you want, not when you’ve got it

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12
Q

RAGE

Affective Drives

A

Negative affective state

  • Anger & Frustration
  • Propels animal towards offending stimulus
  • Biological basis for aggression
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13
Q

FEAR

Affective Drives

A

Negative affective state

- Promotes escape

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14
Q

LUST

Affective Drives

A

Positive or Negative (When successful or not)

  • Sexual desire
  • One of the sources of love
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15
Q

CARE

Affective Drives

A

Positive affective state

  • Nurturing (parents & children OR romantic relationships)
  • Relaxed
  • Another source of love
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16
Q

PANIC/GRIEF

Affective Drives

A

Negative affective state

  • Caused by separation from others
  • Same stimulus, different outcome
  • Facilitates social bonding
  • Another source of love
  • Reunion replaces PANIC/GRIEF with CARE
17
Q

PLAY

Affective Drives

A

Positive affective state

  • Can resemble aggression, but all players are enjoying themselves
  • A main source of friendship
18
Q

Specific universal human emotions

A

Seven basic emotions

  1. Joy
  2. Surprise
  3. Contempt
  4. Sadness
  5. Anger
  6. Disgust
  7. Fear

= We all express these the same
= Identical as babies
= Changes as we get older due to culture etc

19
Q

Happiness

Specific Emotions

A

As emotion

Life satisfaction

Affect balance
Happiness - good health outcomes & life success

20
Q

Anger

Specific Emotions

A

RAGE

Real or imagined threat or provocation

  • Often considered maladaptive today - perhaps had value in past (serves no purpose today)
  • But, part of the pathway to social change (right-fighters)
21
Q

Shame & Guilt

Specific Emotions

A

Shame vs. Guilt
- “I am a bad person” vs “I did a bad thing”

Negative emotion

  • Not related to a specific emotional affective drive
  • Not well studied in animals (do only humans feel guilt and shame?)
22
Q

Disgust

Specific Emotions

A

Strong negative feeling of repugnance and revulsion

Affects moral judgments

Not associated with emotional affective drives - it is a sensory effect (different neurological processes)

Linked to healthy behaviour - keeps us away from things that may affect our health

23
Q

Expression Emotions: Gender differences

A

Females

  • Assumed to be more emotional
  • Express emotions more
  • Better at reading nonverbal emotional cues

Males

  • Fall in love quicker
  • More likely to become angry at work
  • Physiological arousal after argument with spouse lasts longer

INDIVIDUAL VARIATION WITHIN GROU[S GREATER THAN BETWEEN-GROUP VARIATION

24
Q

Expressing Emotions: Cultural differences

A

All cultures
- Similar emotions

Individual cultures

  • In-group advantage
  • Culture rules re: expression
25
Q

Love & Attraction

A

Humans have a need for affiliation and to avoid the agony of loneliness
- Avoid PANIC/GRIEF

But we struggle with shyness..

26
Q

Attraction: The Initial Attraction

A

Who are we attracted to?

  • Do birds of a feather flock together?
  • Or do opposites attract?

Proximity/Familiarity

  • Geographic nearness (most powerful predictor for friendship). Why? Greater availability!
  • Mere exposure effect (the more we are exposed, the greater likelihood we will like them)
  • Familiarity breeds fondness (evolutionary benefits)

Liking others who are similar
- Couples and friends are far more likely to share common attitudes, beliefs and interests

Liking others who like us
- Especially when our self image is low

27
Q

The Chase: Pursuing those who are hard to get

A

Hard-to-get effect

  • Being selectively hard to get
28
Q

Romantic Love

A

Passionate Love:

  • Early in relationship
  • Obsessive, lusty feeling

Companionate Love

  • Long-term
  • True & deep love
  • Same memories
  • Build a life with somebody
29
Q

Key to a gratifying & enduring relationship

A
  • Equity

- Self-disclosing intimacy

ATS1262: Social Behaviour (7 decks)

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