Emotions And Mood Flashcards
Emotion
Are a state meaning they are changeable and can change quickly. Moment to moments responses to some sort of eliciting event this can be either external or internal. Emotions have physiological, cognitive and behavioural elements
Mood
Longer lasting than emotions can be more trait like. Less extreme changes. Consider some people are generally happy whereas other might be generally more subdued
Affect
Sometimes used interchangeably with emotion - an umbrella term for emotion, mood and stress response
Appraisal
Is the cognitive part of the emotional experience we ‘appraise’ things as being relevant/irrelevant, good/bad/neutral, powerful/mild. Appraisal is how we label what we are feeling
Appraisal
Is the cognitive part of the emotional experience we ‘appraise’ things as being relevant/irrelevant, good/bad/neutral, powerful/mild. Appraisal is how we label what we are feeling
Arousal
Is the physiological part of the emotional experience. We experience changes like increased heart rate, construction of pupils, increased respiration. We use these changes to help understand what emotion we are experiencing
Intrapersonal functions
Within self intrapersonal factors in psychology might include self - esteem, personality, self-efficacy etc. wide eyes when surprised to see more screwed up nose when disgusted so your less likely to inhale pathogens. In positive psychology Fredrick’s broaden and built theory suggest that when we feel more positive emotions our thinking and vision broadens whereas the opposite is true when experiencing negative emotions
Helps us direct our attentions and actions as needed
Interpersonal functions
Between people might include family relationships, peer support, attachment etc. might communicator how we feel it might work to create change in the environment
Expressive behaviours communicate how we feel to others (smiling, laughing( where as instrumental behaviours attempt to change the environment (glaring at someone)
Universal emotions?
Earlier works believed so believing emotions are experienced the same way and recognised in other. However more recent studies suggest this is not the case. Some basic emotions might be universal, the expression of these don’t transcend cultures some emotional expressions might be specific to different cultures theories don’t all agree on what the basic emotions are
Cultural display rules
Dictate much of how we express our emotions. We learn these through infancy and childhood initially from our primary attachment figures
ABC of emotion
Affective - the feeling part
Behavioural- what we do
Cognitive - the thinking part
James - Lange: A peripheral (somatic) theory
Combine two theories by William James and Carl Lange (1890). According to the theory our physical sensations determine the emotion we experience. Suggesting PNS activity causes emotional experience The unconscious brain interprets and stimulus and stimulates change in the PNS when we become aware of the changes we experience the emotion. If this were the case each emotion should have a set series of PNS responses (some do blood flow increased to hands and feet when angry) but this isn’t the case for all emotions as we have over 500 in English
Cannon-Bard: A central theory
In 1927 Cannon suggested that we can feel things before we respond physically. If u see a snake u might feel scared before running away. In this theory emotions start in the brain and the stimulus is interpreted at the same time as the emotion is felt so appraisal occurs as we feel the emotion. Cannon and Bard initially suggested that the thalamus (emotion centre) receives information and directs it to the ANS and CNS however later evidence suggest amygdala-thalamus connection was more like the emotion centre
Schachter-Singer: A cognitive theory
In 1960s scratcher suggested that there must be a cognitive element to emotion and suggested that it is our interpretation of the arousal we feel that dictates the emotion. This allowed for more interpersonal flexibility and recognises that the same physiological responses can be labelled differently depending on interpretation.
Lazarus: a cognitive appraisal theory
Also in the 1960s Lazarus added that it is specifically how we appraise the stimulus that impacts the emotion we feel. (We are not all afraid of snakes so we don’t all react with fear something not explained by other studies) also assessment results if we interpret our performance as improved or embarrassing we feel different
