Emotions Flashcards
What is needed for it to be believed that emotional expressions are universal?
There needs to be a genetic basis and biological systems for emotion state changes such as the limbic system. The same emotions should occur early in development and across cultures.Needs to be similarities between humans and apes in form and function.
Did human emotional expressions emerge from displays of ancestral apes?
Phylogenetic analysis is the most accurate analysis available. Laughter has a pre-human basis and expressions of humans emerged from ancestral apes.
How has laughter evolved?
Emotional behaviours may change in form and function over time -they are not rigid . Laughter changed in form closer to human evolution to become a behaviour that is perceived as more positive in human listeners.
what are the important advantages of laughter?
to prolong conversations and to form and maintain social relationships.
what emotions are understood to be basic emotions ?
happy , sad , fear, disgust, surprise, anger
It was argued that these emotions are behaviourally and physiologically distinct. It was also argued that other emotions emerged from them.
what are negative emotions ?
serves more immediate needs
what are positive emotions ?
serve over long period
what is the Broaden-and -Build theory of positive emotions?
The theory focuses on how positive emotions help to solve problems regarding personal growth and development.
Fredrickson proposed that positive emotions help broaden an individual’s momentary mindset, and by doing so help to build on personal resources.
what may occur when we share emotions with others?
Motor mimicry, imitation, emotional contagion
What is motor mimicry?
Unintentional copying of others (Chartrand & Bargh 1999). EMG tests showed that rapid facial mimicry can be automatic and unconscious.
What is imitation?
It involves an understanding of the action. Being imitated leads to affiliation in capuchin monkeys.
What is emotional contagion?
occurs when an individual (the subject) adopts the emotional state induced by another individual’s comparable state
How is emotional contagion tested?
The subject must be socially detached and must be in a different emotional state (often in a neutral state)
Give an example of emotional contagion ?
Acoustic playbacks tests with play vocalisations in wild New Zealand parrots. Increased amount of play was shown. Seems to have deep evolutionary roots.
How are emotions linked to hemispheric specialisation? what is the right hemisphere hypothesis?
The right hemisphere is dominant for emotion recognition (coincides with traditional view: lateralization of the brain functions).
