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Bio Psych > Emotional Behaviours > Flashcards

Emotional Behaviours Flashcards

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1
Q

Emotion is defined as having three elements

A

cognition, action (physiological), feeling

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2
Q

Emotional situations arouse which nervous system

A

Autonomic nervous system

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3
Q

Common-sense view of emotion

A

Snake - fear - running away, increased heart rate

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4
Q

James-Lange view of emotion

A

Snake - running away, increased heart rate - fear / snake - appraisal - running away, increased HR - fear

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5
Q

James-Lange predictions

A

Those with weak physical response should feel less emotion, increasing one’s autonomic or motor response should enhance emotion

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6
Q

Those with “pure autonomic failure” can still recognize emotion

A

but do not feel it as strongly

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7
Q

You may need to be able to move the muscles in your face in order to experience empathy - true/false

A

True

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8
Q

How can we increase emotion, according to James-Lange

A

Drugs that increase arousal (eg. caffeine), mimicking facial expressions (eg. pen in teeth vs. lips)

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9
Q

Forebrain areas surrounding the thalamus, traditionally regarded as critical for emotion

A

Limbic system

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10
Q

Other areas involved in emotion

A

Many areas of cerebral cortex, especially the frontal and temporal lobes

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11
Q

Disgust

A

Insular cortex - also primary taste cortex

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12
Q

Left Hemisphere (behaviour)

A

Behavioural activation system (approach), marked by low to moderate arousal, happiness & anger

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13
Q

Left hemisphere asymmetry (personality)

A

Happier, more outgoing, friendlier

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14
Q

Right hemisphere (behaviour)

A

Behavioural inhibition system (avoidance), increased arousal, fear & disgust

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15
Q

Right hemisphere asymmetry (personality)

A

socially withdrawn, less satisfied with life, prone to unpleasant emotions

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16
Q

Functions of emotion

A

Adaptive responses, decision making, moral decision making

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17
Q

Attack behaviours

A

Corticomedial area of amygdala. First attack response increases likelihood of another

18
Q

Agressive behaviours - environmental factors

A

exposure to lead, witness/victim of violence in childhood, violent neighborhood

19
Q

Twin studies in aggressive behaviours

A

monozygotic > dizygotic

20
Q

Low MAOa + childhood maltreatment

A

high antisocial behaviour

21
Q

High MAOa + childhood maltreatment

A

lower antisocial behaviour

22
Q

High testosterone

A

higher rates of violent behaviour

23
Q

Triple imbalance hypothesis

A

Cortisol, serotonin, testosterone. High rates of violence when cortisol is low and testosterone is high. Serotonin inhibits violent impulses.

24
Q

Testosterone might inhibit the ability to recognize angry behaviour - true/false

A

true. May increase response of amygdala, and decrease ability of cerebral cortex to identify and regulate.

25
Q

Turnover

A

the amount of neurotransmitter that is released and resynthesized by neurons

26
Q

low serotonin turnover =

A

high aggressive behaviour

27
Q

low levels of 5-HIAA indicate

A

low serotonin levels

28
Q

serotonin levels are influenced by

A

diet, genetics, tryptophan hydroxylase

29
Q

Amygdala is crucial in

A

regulating fear

30
Q

The startle reflex is

A

very fast, mediated by medulla and pons, unlearned

31
Q

fear signals enhance startle, pleasant decrease - true/false

A

true

32
Q

Amygdala to hypothalamus

A

automatic reaction

33
Q

Amygdala to prefrontal cortex

A

approach/avoid

34
Q

Amygdala damage results in

A

startle response not enhanced by fear inducing stimuli

35
Q

Damage to amydala does not remove all emotion - true/false

A

true

36
Q

Urbache-Wiethe disease

A

buildup of calcium in the amygdala - results in fearlessness and difficulty processing emotion on faces

37
Q

fMRI of amygdala shows

A

activity is strongest when processing ambiguous emotional facial expressions

38
Q

Bed nuclius of the stria terminalis

A

regulates long term, generalized emotional arousal

39
Q

Panic disorder

A

women > men, possible genetic component (15% joint laxity), abnormalities in the hypothalamus, decreased GABA increased orexin

40
Q

Drugs intended to control anxiety

A

alter activity at amygdala synapses. Excitatory NT CCK and orexin, inhib NT GABA.

41
Q

Anxiolytic drugs

A

target GABA

42
Q

Benzodiazepines are most commonly used anxiolytic drugs

A

bind to GABA

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