Emotion and Motivation Flashcards

1
Q

what is the lateral hypothalamus linked to?

A

it is linked to hunger / orexigenic, and can excite / produce eating.

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2
Q

what is the ventromedial nucleus linked to?

A

it is linked to satiety / anorexigenic, and can inhibit / reduce eating.

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3
Q

what is leptin?

A

it is a hormone produced by fat and can in turn reduce fat.

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4
Q

what does leptin do?

A

it is linked to the arcuate nucleus in the hypothalamus, which is further linked to the lateral hypothalamus (in an inhibitory way) and then the paraventricular nucleus (in an excitatory way) – this means eating is inhibited.

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5
Q

hunger inducing neurons activate what system?

A

the parasympathetic nervous system.

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6
Q

what happens when the hunger neurons activate the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

it inhibits / reduced the metabolic rate.

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7
Q

satiety inducing neurons activate what system?

A

the sympathetic nervous system.

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8
Q

what happens when the satiety neurons activate the sympathetic nervous system?

A

it excites / increases metabolic rate.

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9
Q

what does the lateral hypothalamus and the ventromedial nucleus having glucose receptors mean?

A

high blood glucose – inhibit the hunger centre / lateral hypothalamus, and activate the satiety centre / ventromedial nucleus.

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10
Q

how does insulin relate to the hunger and satiety centres?

A

the presence of insulin activates the satiety centres and inhibits the hunger centres.

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11
Q

what is ghrelin?

A

a hunger inducing hormone.

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12
Q

what happens when the stomach is full?

A

ghrelin is not produced.

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13
Q

the amygdala is activated when?

A

viewing fearful faces.

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14
Q

what did animal studies that lesioned the amygdala show?

A

animals will show less fear.

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15
Q

dopaminergic projections in the mesocorticolimbic pathway are important in what?

A

coding rewards.

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16
Q

what did rats with destroyed mesolimbic dopaminergic projections and food studies show?

A

rats still seem to enjoy tasty food but they lack the motivation to seek food.

17
Q

describe the somatic marker hypothesis (Domasio, 1994)…

A

gave p’s 2 packs of cards - deck A had modest rewards but modest losses, deck B had larger rewards but larger losses

18
Q

describe the somatic marker hypothesis (Domasio, 1994)…

A

gave p’s 2 packs of cards - deck A had modest rewards but modest losses, deck B had larger rewards but larger losses,
control p’s learned to avoid deck B and showed a stress response when possibly having to chose from this deck,
but p’s who lacked the ventromedial prefrontal cortex didn’t avoid deck B or show a stress response.

19
Q

what does the Domasio study suggest?

A

we use feelings we get from the body as a marker of if an outcome will be good or bad.