Emergency treatment of poisons

Question 1

What are some examples of delayed action poisons ?

6 points

Answer 1

1. Aspirin
2. TCAs
3. Paracetamol
4. Co-phenotrope
5. Iron
6. MR preparations

Question 2

Which resource provides information about diagnosis, treatment and management of exposure to poisons

Answer 2

Toxbase

Question 3

How should hypotension caused by drug overdose be managed?

2 points

Answer 3

Raise the foot of the bed
Give an NaCl or colloid infusion to increase circulatory volume

These measures will raise the BP

Question 4

Gastric lavage should only be considered if a life-threatening amount of a drug or poison has been ingested within _______

Answer 4

The last hour

Question 5

Activated charcoal can be given within one hour of ingesting ______ mg/kg of aspirin

Answer 5

125 mg/kg

Question 6

Antidote for opioid poisoning

Answer 6

Naloxone

Question 7

Liver damage caused by paracetamol is maximal after ______ of ingesting a toxic amount

Answer 7

3 - 4 days

Question 8

Antidote for paracetamol poisoning

Answer 8

Acetylcysteine

Question 9

Acetylcysteine is most effective when given within _____ hours of ingesting a toxic paracetamol dose

Answer 9

8 hours

Question 10

Patients who have ingested more than _____ mg/kg of paracetamol in 24 hours are at serious risk of toxicity

Answer 10

150 mg/kg

Question 11

Activated charcoal should be given within ____ to reduce absorption of toxic doses of drugs

Answer 11

within 1 hour

Question 12

True or false:

The phenothiazine antipsychotics cause less resp depression and depression of consciousness than other sedative s

Answer 12

TRUE

Question 13

Dystonic reactions caused by phenothiazines can be corrected by injecting _______ or ________

Answer 13

Procyclidine
or
Diazepam

Question 14

True or false:

HYPERglycemia may occur as a result of CCB poisoning

Answer 14

TRUE

Question 15

What drug is used to correct bradycardia in someone who has had an overdose of a CCB

Answer 15

Atropine

Question 16

What is the antidote for iron poisoning

Answer 16

Desferrioxamine mesilate

Question 17

Serum lithium concentrations of greater than ____ mmol/L are usually associated with serious toxicity

Answer 17

2 mmol/L

Question 18

Signs of cocaine overdose:

5 points

Answer 18

Agitation 
Pupil dilation
Tachycardia
MI
Hyerpthermia 

this list is not exhaustive

Question 19

Antidote for cyanide poisoning

Answer 19

Dicobalt edetate

Or
Sodium nitrate followed by sodium thiosulfate if unavailable

Question 20

True or false: Oxygen is used in the management of cyanide poisoning

Answer 20

TRUE

It should be given to all patients with cyanide poisoning

Question 21

True or false:

The antidote for cyanide poisoning is toxic itself

Answer 21

TRUE
Potentially fatal if given in the absence of cyanide poisoning!
May cause anaphylactoid reactions

Question 22

Antidote for ethylene glycol and methanol poisoning

2 points

Answer 22

Fomepizole

Ethanol p.o or IV (caution!)

Question 23

Management of carbon monoxide poisoning

Answer 23

High flow oxygen

Through a tight fitting mask with an inflated face seal

Question 24

What action do organosphosphorous insecticides have on the human body

Answer 24

Inhibit AChE so prolong and intensify action of ACh = muscarinic effects

Question 25

Management of organosphosphorous insecticide poisoning

2 points

Answer 25

Atropine IV to reverse muscarinic effects

Pralidoxime chloride adjunct (it reactivates AChE)