Emergency treatment of poisons Flashcards
What are some examples of delayed action poisons ?
6 points
- Aspirin
- TCAs
- Paracetamol
- Co-phenotrope
- Iron
- MR preparations
Which resource provides information about diagnosis, treatment and management of exposure to poisons
Toxbase
How should hypotension caused by drug overdose be managed?
2 points
Raise the foot of the bed
Give an NaCl or colloid infusion to increase circulatory volume
These measures will raise the BP
Gastric lavage should only be considered if a life-threatening amount of a drug or poison has been ingested within _______
The last hour
Activated charcoal can be given within one hour of ingesting ______ mg/kg of aspirin
125 mg/kg
Antidote for opioid poisoning
Naloxone
Liver damage caused by paracetamol is maximal after ______ of ingesting a toxic amount
3 - 4 days
Antidote for paracetamol poisoning
Acetylcysteine
Acetylcysteine is most effective when given within _____ hours of ingesting a toxic paracetamol dose
8 hours
Patients who have ingested more than _____ mg/kg of paracetamol in 24 hours are at serious risk of toxicity
150 mg/kg
Activated charcoal should be given within ____ to reduce absorption of toxic doses of drugs
within 1 hour
True or false:
The phenothiazine antipsychotics cause less resp depression and depression of consciousness than other sedative s
TRUE
Dystonic reactions caused by phenothiazines can be corrected by injecting _______ or ________
Procyclidine
or
Diazepam
True or false:
HYPERglycemia may occur as a result of CCB poisoning
TRUE
What drug is used to correct bradycardia in someone who has had an overdose of a CCB
Atropine
What is the antidote for iron poisoning
Desferrioxamine mesilate
Serum lithium concentrations of greater than ____ mmol/L are usually associated with serious toxicity
2 mmol/L
Signs of cocaine overdose:
5 points
Agitation Pupil dilation Tachycardia MI Hyerpthermia
this list is not exhaustive
Antidote for cyanide poisoning
Dicobalt edetate
Or
Sodium nitrate followed by sodium thiosulfate if unavailable
True or false: Oxygen is used in the management of cyanide poisoning
TRUE
It should be given to all patients with cyanide poisoning
True or false:
The antidote for cyanide poisoning is toxic itself
TRUE
Potentially fatal if given in the absence of cyanide poisoning!
May cause anaphylactoid reactions
Antidote for ethylene glycol and methanol poisoning
2 points
Fomepizole
Ethanol p.o or IV (caution!)
Management of carbon monoxide poisoning
High flow oxygen
Through a tight fitting mask with an inflated face seal
What action do organosphosphorous insecticides have on the human body
Inhibit AChE so prolong and intensify action of ACh = muscarinic effects
Management of organosphosphorous insecticide poisoning
2 points
Atropine IV to reverse muscarinic effects
Pralidoxime chloride adjunct (it reactivates AChE)
