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Low weighted and other topics > Blood and nutrition > Flashcards

Blood and nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

Megaloblastic anaemia is due to deficiency in _____ and ______

A

Folate

Vitamin B12

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2
Q

What additional endorsement is needed on a Rx for cyanocobalamin if used for anaemia

A

SLS

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3
Q

What is phenylketonuria

A

A condition where someone cannot metabolise the AA phenylalanine
Dietary intake should be restricted

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4
Q

Scurvy is caused by deficiency of which vitamin

A

Vitamin C

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5
Q

What are the fat soluble vitamins?

A

K
A
D
E

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6
Q

Which vitamin is found in eggs, butter and fish oils

A

Vitamin A

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7
Q

True or false:

Vitamin A deficiency is rare in the UK

A

TRUE

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8
Q

True or false:

Vitamin A is good for the eyes

A

TRUE

a.k.a retinol. Think retina!

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9
Q

Which B vitamin is also known as riboflavin

A

Vitamin B2

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10
Q

Vitamin B1 is also known as ______

A

Thiamine

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11
Q

Vitamin B12 is also known as ______

A

Cyanacobalamin

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12
Q

What electrolyte imbalance is caused by too much vitamin D

A

Hypercalcaemia

remember, vitamin D promotes calcium absorption

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13
Q

Deficiency of which vitamin results in osteomalacia ?

A

Vitamin D

note: osteomalacia is known as Ricketts in children

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14
Q

Vitamin E is also known as _______

A

Tocopherol

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15
Q

What is the water soluble form of vitamin K?

A

Menadiol

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16
Q

Which vitamin is found in green leafy veg?

A 
Vitamin K
(important warfarin counselling point!)
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17
Q

Signs of hyponatraemia

5 points

A
  1. Dizziness
  2. Drowsiness
  3. Confusion
  4. Muscle cramps/weakness
  5. Vomiting
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18
Q

Signs of hypokalaemia

5 points

A
  1. Muscle weakness
  2. Palpitations and ECG changes
  3. Constipation
  4. Vomiting
  5. Confusion
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19
Q

What drug is used to reduce the frequency of sickle cell crisis?

A

Hydroxycarbamide

20
Q

Which drugs have a definite haemolysis risk of G6PD deficiency?
(4 points)

A
  1. Nitrofurantoin
  2. Quinolones
  3. Sulfonamides (includes co-trimoxazole!)
  4. Primaquine
21
Q

Which drug is used to prevent anaemia in pre-term neonates of low birth weight ?

A

Epoetin Beta

22
Q

How does pernicious anaemia cause b12 deficiency?

A

Lack of gastric intrinsic factor resulting from autoimmune gastritis causes malabsorption of B12

23
Q

True or false:

Most causes of folate deficiency are self limiting

A

TRUE

24
Q

How long should daily folic acid be given in megaloblastic anaemia

A

4 months to replenish stores

25
Q

True or false:

Iron overload can be due to repeated blood transfusions

A

TRUE

26
Q

Which drug is used to chelate iron in iron overload

A

Desferrioxamine mesilate

note: It can also be used to chelate aluminium in dialysis patients

27
Q

What is used to stimulate neutrophil production in neutropenia ?

A

Recombinant human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (rhG-CSF)
Filgrastim is unglycosylated rhG-CSF

28
Q

True or false:

Potassium supplements may cause nausea and vomiting

A

TRUE

This may hinder adherence

29
Q

What percentage glucose can be used to correct water deficit in dehydration?

A

Glucose 5%

30
Q

Hyperparathyroidism causes hypo- or hyper- calcaemia?

A

Hypercalcaemia

31
Q

________ is a bone resorption inhibitor. It reduces PTH which leads to a decrease in serum calcium. Beneficial in hyperparathyroidism

A

Cinacalcet

32
Q

Unsafe drugs in acute porphyrias include:

give 5 examples

A 
Alcohol 
Amiodarone 
Valproate 
TCAs
MAOIs
Anabolic steroids 
Hormonal contraceptives 
Sulfonylureas 
Triazole and Imidazole antifungals
33
Q

What is phenylketonuria

A

The inability to metabolise the AA phenylalanine

Restrict intake of aspartame which contains phenylalanine

34
Q

Vitamin B2 is also known as ______

A

Riboflavin

35
Q

Which B vitamin is folate?

A

B9

36
Q

What are the two forms of vitamin B12

A

Hydroxocobalamin and Cyanacobalamin

37
Q

B1 (Thiamine) is used in ________

A

Alcoholism to prevent Wernicke’s encephalopathy

38
Q

Another name for vitamin C is _____

A

Ascorbic acid

39
Q

What is the active form of vitamin D ?

A

Calcitriol

40
Q

Which vitamin D supplement is used in renal disease and why?

A

Alfacilcidol
To activate vitamin D it needs to be hydroxylated in the 1 and 25 positions. The first step happens in the kidneys. This cannot occur in renal impairment. Alfaclcidol has already been hydroxylated in the 1- position which is normally done by the kidney.

Could alternatively give calcitriol which is fully activated

41
Q

Vitamin D2 is _____

A

Ergocalciferol

42
Q

Vitamin D3 is _______

A

Colecalciferol

43
Q

Tocopherol is another name for vitamin _____

A

E

44
Q

What is the water soluble form of vitamin K?

A

Menadiol sodium phosphate

45
Q

What are the main risk factors for neural tube defects in pregnancy?
(5 points)

A 
Anti-epileptic drugs 
Diabetes 
Folate deficiency 
B12 deficiency 
Smoking

All need high dose folate supplement (5 mg OD)

46
Q

How long should folate be taken to prevent neural tube defects?

A

Pre-conception up to week 12 of pregnancy

Low weighted and other topics (6 decks)

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