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Low weighted and other topics > Anaesthesia (low weight) > Flashcards

Anaesthesia (low weight) Flashcards

1
Q

What is used after surgery to reverse the effects of anaesthesia

A

Acetylcholineesterase inhibiting drugs

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2
Q

What are some examples of AChE inhibitors

A

Rivastigmine
Neostigmine
Pyridostigmine

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3
Q

What is the most widely used anaesthetic

A

Propofol

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4
Q

True or false: propofol has more rapid recovery from anaesthesia and less hangover effect than other IV anaesthetics

A

TRUE

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5
Q

What class of drug is thiopental

A

A barbiturate

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6
Q

True or false:

Thiopental can be used for both induction and maintenance of anaesthesia

A

FALSE

It is only used for induction

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7
Q

The sedative effect of thiopental can last up to _____

A

24 hours

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8
Q

Which drugs causes less hypotension during induction of anaesthesia (than propofol and thiopental)

(2 points)

A

Etomidate

Ketamine

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9
Q

The incidence of hallucinations, nightmares and psychotic effects caused be ketamine is reduced by using ________

A

Benzodiazepines

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10
Q

Delete as appropriate

Propofol, thiopental, ketamine and etomidate are IV/Inhaled anaesthetics

A

IV

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11
Q

To prevent hypoxia when using inhaled anaesthetics, the mixture must contain at least _____% oxygen at all times

A

25 %

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12
Q

What is the preferred inhaled anaesthetic for use in obstetrics

A

Isofluorane

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13
Q

Which inhaled anaesthetic is not recommended for induction of anaesthesia as it causes upper respiratory tract irritation

A

Desfluorane

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14
Q

True or false:

Nitrous oxide is suitable for use as a single anaesthetic agent

A

FALSE
It is not potent enough
It is useful when combined with other drugs as it allows their doses to be reduced

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15
Q

Malignant hyperthermia is more commonly associated with which type of anaesthetics? (inhaled or IV)

A

Inhaled

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16
Q

What are the signs of malignant hyperthermia

4 points

A
  1. Rapid rise in temperature
  2. Increased muscle rigidity
  3. Tachycardia
  4. Acidosis
17
Q

What drug is used in the management of malignant hyperthermia

A

Dantrolene

18
Q

Which cardiovascular drugs must be stopped before surgery?

3 points

A

ACE i

ARBs

K+ sparing diuretics

19
Q

How long before elective surgery should combined hormonal contraceptives be stopped

A

4 weeks

20
Q

How long before surgery should Lithium be stopped

A

24 hours for major surgery

can continue for minor surgery but need to monitor closely

21
Q

How long before surgery should K sparing diuretics be stopped

A

Should be withheld on the morning of the surgery

22
Q

How long before surgery should ACEi/ARBs be stopped

Why must they be stopped

A

24 hours before

They can cause serious hypotension on induction of anaesthesia

23
Q

TRUE or false:

MAOI should be stopped before surgery

A

TRUE

They interact with a lot of drugs used in surgery e.g. pethidine

24
Q

Anaesthesia can cause regurgitation (and therefore aspiration) of gastric contents during surgery.
What drugs are used to manage this?

A

A H2 antagonist 1-2 hours before procedure

An antacid to reduce the pH of gastric contents

25
Q

Neuromuscular blocking drugs are also known as ____

A

Muscle relaxants

26
Q

Non-depolarising neuromuscular blockers compete with _____ at its receptors at the neuromuscular junction

A

Compete with ACh

a.k.a competitive muscle relaxants!
Reversed bu AChE-i e.g. neostigmine

27
Q

What class of drug is suxamethonium chloride

A

A depolarising (non-competitive) neuromuscular blocker

28
Q

True or false:

The effects of suxamethonium are reversed by AChE-i e.g. neostigmine

A

FALSE
Only non-depolarising muscle relaxants are reversed by AChE-i. They actually potentiate the action of suxamethonium

The action of suxamethonium cannot be revered. Recovery is spontaneous

29
Q

True or false:

Combination of local anaethetics with adrenaline prolongs their duration of action

A

TRUE

30
Q

Why should adrenaline not be injected into digits or appendages

A

It can cause ischaemic necrosis

Low weighted and other topics (6 decks)

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