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USMLE Step 3 MN > Emergency Medicine/Toxicology > Flashcards

Emergency Medicine/Toxicology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

antidote for acetaminophen

A

N-acetyl cysteine (NAC)

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2
Q

antidote for aspirin

A

bicarbonate to alkalinize the urine

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3
Q

antidote for benzodiazepines

A

NOTHING; let the patient sleep!

do NOT give flumazenil; may precipitate seizure

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4
Q

antidote for carbon monoxide (CO)

A

100% O2; hyperbaric if needed

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5
Q

antidote for digoxin

A

digoxin-binding Abs (Digibind)

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6
Q

antidote for ethylene glycol

A

fomepizole or ethanol

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7
Q

antidote for methanol

A

fomepizole or ethanol

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8
Q

antidote for methemoglobinemia

A

methylene blue

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9
Q

antidote for neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)

A

bromocriptine or dantrolene

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10
Q

antidote for opiates

A

naloxone

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11
Q

antidote for organophosphates

A

atropine or pralidoxime

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12
Q

antidote for tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)

A

bicarbonate to protect the heart; check EKG 1st for wide QRS

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13
Q

how much time do you have to give N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) in acetaminophen toxicity to prevent liver damage?

A

24 hours

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14
Q

what happens in aspirin/salicylate overdose?

A
  1. respiratory alkalosis (hyperventilation) b/c its a direct stimulant to the brainstem
  2. metabolic acidosis (d/t loss of Krebs cycle in mitochondria)
  3. renal insufficiency, Elevated PT (interferes with Vitamin K depen. clotting factors
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15
Q

what should you order on all overdose patients?

A

aspirin, acetaminophen, and EtOH levels

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16
Q

_____ may lead to digoxin toxicity, but digoxin toxicity may lead to _____

A
  • hypOkalemia

- hypERkalemia

17
Q

cyanosis with normal pO2 THINK OF

A

methemoglobinemia

18
Q

hypothermia EKG finding

A

J-waves of Osborn (like ST elevation)

19
Q
  • RED eye and fixed midpoint pupil
  • rock-hard
  • painful
    DX. w/
A

acute angle closure glaucoma
*tonometry
TX: pilocarpine drops, acetazolamide, Mannitol, topical Beta blockers

20
Q

sudden loss of vision like “a curtain coming down”

A

retinal detachment

21
Q
  • RED eye
  • B/L watery d/c
  • itchy eyes
A

viral conjunctivitis

22
Q
  • RED eye
  • U/L purulent d/c
  • eyelids stuck together
A

bacterial conjunctivitis

Tx: topical ABX

23
Q
  • RED eye
  • h/o trauma
  • most commonly from contact lenses
A

abrasion

24
Q

Acute mental status change from overdose of unclear etiology. Tx

A

Naloxone, thiamine and dextrose

25
Q

Alkalinization of urine will help excrete

A

ASA, TCA, phenobarbital, chlorpropamide

26
Q

RED eye

Photophobia

A

Uveitis
Dx: slit lamp exam
tx: Steroids

USMLE Step 3 MN (33 decks)

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