Emergency Medicine Flashcards
Risperdal:
Generic name, class, uses, MOA
Risperidone
2nd generation antipsychotic
Used for schizophrenia, bipolar mania, and irritability in autism
MOA: high 5-HT2 and low D-2 receptor activity, also antagonizes alpha 1 and 2 receptors
What medication can be used in children with autism to help control aggressive behaviors?
Risperdal
What is the neurotransmitter goal or mechanism in treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder?
Treatment involves increasing the amount of serotonin in the brain through use of serotonin reuptake inhibitors, or use of risperidone which is a 5-HT2 agonist.
Remeron:
Generic name, class, use, MOA
Mirtazapine Atypical antidepressant Used for depression Central alpha-2 antagonist leading to increased NE and Serotonin release Also antagonizes 5-HT2/3
What is the black box warning on all antidepressants?
Increased suicidal ideation in patients less than 24 years
Pt should be monitored for first months of treatment and with any dose changes.
Pyridium:
Generic name, uses, side effects
Phenazopyridine
Used as local analgesic for urinary tract to relieve symptoms during UTI or after surgery involving urinary tract
Causes orange or dark urine and can discolor contacts and eyes and skin if levels build up in the body
What medication can be given to relieve the symptoms of a UTI?
Pyridium (phenazopyridine)
What medication is an atypical antidepressant that works through central alpha-2 antagonism?
Remeron (Mirtazapine)
What is ketamine used for and what are its effects?
Used primarily for starting and maintaining anesthesia.
It induces a trance-like state while providing pain relief, sedation, and memory loss.
Heart function, breathing, and airway reflexes remain functional.
Onset within 5 minutes and effects last about 25 minutes when given IV.
Ketamine MOA
Classified as an NMDA receptor antagonist, but its mechanism is not well understood.
Very similar in structure to PCP (phencyclidine), but shorter acting and less toxic.
Side effects of Ketamine
Caution when using ketamine
When coming out of anesthesia: agitation, confusion, and hallucinations.
Do not use ketamine alone when doing procedures manipulating the pharynx or larynx or bronchial tree.
Overdose of Ketamine can lead to what?
Panic attacks, aggressive behavior.
Rarely seizures, increased ICP, cardiac arrest
How is Ketamine unique among general anesthetics?
Does not depress breathing and is therefore the drug of choice when ventilation therapy is not available.
What symptoms associated with pharyngitis indicate a viral cause as more likely and therefore strep testing is not indicated?
Rhinorrhea
Oral ulcers
Cough
Hoarseness
What is the diagnostic pathway when strep pharyngitis is suspected?
Rapid Antigen Detection Test
If negative, a throat culture is needed, if positive, accept the results.
