EMERGENCY MED Flashcards
Class of drugs that cuases muscle rigidity, hyperthermia, autonomic instability and EPS
antipsychotics that cause neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Side FX of steroids
acute mania, immunosuppression, thin skin, osteoporosis, easy bruising, myopathies
Tx for DTs
IV Benzos
Tx for acetaminophen OD
N-acetylcysteine
Tx for opioid OD
naloxone
Tx for benzo OD
Flumazenil
Tx for NMS and malignant hyperthermia
Dantrolene
Tx for malignant HTN
Nitroprusside
Tx for A-Fib
Rate control, rhythm conversion, anti-coagulation
Tx for SVT
if stable, rate control and carotid massage or other vagal manoeuver, if unsuccessful try adenosine
Causes of drug induced SLE
INH, penicillamine, hydralazine, procainamide, chlorpromazine, methyldopa, quinidine
Macrocyctic megaloblastic anemia w/ neuro sx
B12 (thiamine) deficiency
Macrocyctic megaloblastic anemia w/ NO neuro sx
Folate deficiency
burn pt presents w cheery red flushed skin and coma. O2 sat is normal, but carboxyhemoglobin is elevated. Tx?
Tx CO poisoning with 100% O2 or with hyperbaric O2 if poisoning is severe or the patient is pregnant.
Blood in urethral meatus or high riding prostate =
bladder rupture or urethral trauma
Test to rule out uretheral injury
retrograde cystourethrogram
radiographic evidence of aortic dissection or disruption
widened mediastinum (>8cm), loss of aortic knob, pleural cap, tracheal deviation to the right, depression of left main stem bronchus
radiographic indications for surgery in patients w/ acute abdomen
free air under the diaphragm, extravasation of contrast, severe bowel distention, space occupying lesion (CT), mesenteric occlusion (angiography)
most common organism in burn related infxn
pseudomonas
How to calculate fluid repletion in burn pts
Parkland formula = 24 hour fluids = 4 x kg x %BSA burned
acceptable urine output in trauma patient
50cc/hr
acceptable urine output in a stable patient
30cc/hr
signs of neurogenic shock
Hypotension and bradycardia
signs of increased ICP (Cushing triad)
HTN, bradycardia and abnormal respirations
decreased cardiac output, decreased PCWP, increased peripheral vascular resistance
hypovolemic shock
decreased cardiac output, increased PCWP, increased peripheral vascular resistance
cardiogenic or obstructive shock
increased cardiac output, decreased PCWP, decreased peripheral vascular resistance
septic or anaphylactic shock
Tx of septic shock
fluids and antibiotics
Tx of cardiogenic shock
identify cause and give pressors (dopamine)
Tx of hypovolemic shock
fluid and blood repletion
Tx of anaphylactic shock
diphenhydramine or Epinephrine 1:1000
Supportive Tx for ARDS
CPAP
signs of air embolism
patient with chest trauma who was previously stable suddenly dies
signs of cardiac tamponade
distended neck veins, hypotension, diminished heart sounds, pulsus paradoxus
absent breath sounds, dullness to percussion, shock, flat neck veins
massive hemothorax
absent breath sounds, tracheal deviation, shock, distended neck veins
tension pneumo
Tx for blunt or penetrating abd trauma in hemodynamically unstable patients
immediate ex lap
increased ICP in alcoholics or the elderly following head trauma. Can be acute or choronic, crescent shape on CT
subdural hematoma
head trauma with immediate loss of consciousness followed by a lucid interval and then rapid deterioration. convex shape on CT
epidural hematoma
