Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MODULE 14 - Patient Support > EMERGENCY - Equine Emergency > Flashcards

EMERGENCY - Equine Emergency Flashcards

1
Q

In regards to the alimentary system, what is classified as an emergency in horses?

A

Colic
Abdominal trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

In regards to the respiratory system, what is classified as an emergency in horses?

A

Dyspnoea
Thoracic trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

In regards to the cardiovascular system, what is classified as an emergency in horses?

A

Severe haemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

In regards to the neurological system, what is classified as an emergency in horses?

A

Spinal or cranial fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

In regards to special senses, what is classified as an emergency in horses?

A

Corneal laceration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

In regards to the musculoskeletal system, what is classified as an emergency in horses?

A

Fractures
Tendon and ligament injuries
Wounds
Myopathies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

In regards to the reproductive system, what is classified as an emergency in horses?

A

Dystocia
Red bag delivery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How do you prepare for an equine emergency?

A
  • Know phones numbers of your colleagues, referral practices and disposal contact
  • Check your car to make sure you have everything you need such as PPE, equipment, drugs etc
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How should you triage over the phone for an equine emergency?

A
  1. Determine if this is really an emergency
  2. Gather signalment information
  3. Gather a history
  4. Provide the client with guidance whilst they wait for you to arrive
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the main steps involved in triage for an equine emergency?

A
  1. Identify the stability of the animal
  2. Identify your patient using their passport, determine signalement and take a history
  3. Identify and treat injuries that are immediately life threatening and identify which injuries could be exacerbated by moving the animal
  4. Thorough clinical exam
  5. Make a differential diagnosis list and plan your treatment and management
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What guidance should you provide a client with a colicing horse whilst they wait for you to arrive?

A

Remove all food from the area and if the colic is violent stay away from the horse and don’t risk human safety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What guidance should you provide a client with a horse with a penetrating hoof injury whilst they wait for you to arrive?

A

Tell the client not to remove the penetrating object if it is deeply penetrated, however, if the penetration is superficial it may be beneficial to remove it to prevent further trauma if the horse pushes it further in etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What guidance should you provide a client with an actively bleeding horse whilst they wait for you to arrive?

A

Apply pressure to the wound if safe to do so and do not remove the pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What do the ABCD principles stand for in equine emergencies?

A

Airway
Breathing
Circulation
Drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What should you do if a horse has an upper airway obstruction?

A

Emergency tracheostomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How do you carry out an equine emergency tracheostomy?

A
  1. Surgically scrub and administer lidocaine at the upper third of the trachea (if there is time)
  2. Carry out a midline vertical incision at the upper third of the neck
  3. Divide the stenothyrohyoideus muscles overlying the trachea
  4. Stab incision through the annular ligament between the tracheal rings and extend this inision to either side big enough to allow for the placement of the tracheostomy tube
  5. Secure the tracheostomy tube to the neck
17
Q

What is the circulating blood volume of a horse?

A

80 - 100ml/kg

18
Q

When will a horse begin to decompensate due to haemorrhage?

A

A horse will begin to decompensate due to haemorrhage if they suffer from approximately 30% acute blood loss

19
Q

List five clinical signs of significant haemorrhage in horses

A

Tachycardia
Tachypnoea
Hyperpnoea
Pale/white mucous membranes
CRT more than 2 seconds

20
Q

What should you do if a horse has severed an artery?

A

Clamp the artery but be careful of nerves as they often sit very close to arteries

21
Q

What is the ceiling dose of sedatives?

A

The ceiling dose of sedatives is where you reach a dose where increasing the dose of a sedative no longer increases the intensity of the sedation, instead it just increases the duration of sedation

22
Q

When in an equine emergency can it be useful to use xylazine as a sedative?

A

Xylazine is good to allow you to assess a fractious colic as it can be administered IM and has a short duration of action so you can carry out a safer clinical exam and then reassess the animal when the sedation wears off

Try to get a heart rate before administering the xylazine

23
Q

What should you be aware of if using detomidine to sedate a fractious colic?

A

Detomidine is a more potent analgesic than xylazine and this can mask esalating pain which could indicate a worsening colic and alter your treatment plan. Ideally you should only use detomidine for horses with severe and relenting colic pain

24
Q

Which nine side affects of α2 agonists should be aware of in horses?

A

Transient hypertension followed by hypo- or normotension
Bradycardia
Mild to moderate respiratory depressionn
Worsen upper airway obstruction
Tachypnoea in pyrexic horses
Reduces gastrointestinal motility (be careful as can cause colic)
Sweating
Diuresis
Hyperglycaemia

25
Q

How do α2 agonists worsen upper airway obstructions in horses?

A

α2 agonists cause muscle relaxation which can exacerbate pre-existing airway obstruction

26
Q

Why should you not offer horses food until they are fully awake following sedation?

A

Horses that are not fully awake following sedation as they are as risk of oesophageal choke

27
Q

Which opioid is commonly used in combination with α2 adrenoreceptor agonists in horses?

A

Butorphanol

28
Q

Why is butorphanol commonly used in combination with α2 adrenoreceptor agonists in horses?

A

Butorphanol has a significant potentiating effect on the sedative and analgesic effects of α2 adrenoreceptor agonists

29
Q

How should you generally administer sedatives to horses?

A

Generally you administer and top up sedative drugs via an IV bolus

30
Q

How should you administer sedative drugs for longer procedures?

A

Administer an IV loading dose followed by continuous infusion

31
Q

What are the three key clinical signs of colic in horses?

A

Pawing
Flank watching
Rolling

32
Q

(T/F) The majority of colic cases in horses require surgery

A

FALSE. The majority of colic cases can be managed medically

33
Q

Which significant side effect of NSAIDS should you be aware of in horses?

A

Right dorsal colitis

34
Q

What classifies as euthanasia on humane grounds?

A

-Euthanasia due to a strangulation lesion of the small intestine that cannot be corrected
- Euthanasia of an adult horse with a displaced radius fracture
- Euthanasia of a horse with terminal illness

35
Q

Which drug should you use for euthanasia in horses?

A

Somulose

36
Q

How should you administer somulose?

A

Place an IV catheter and administer the drug over 10-15 seconds

37
Q

What dose should you use for somulose?

A

1ml/10kg

38
Q

(T/F) Somulose is very unsafe for humans

A

TRUE. Somulose can be very dangerous if absorbed through your skin or mucosa

MODULE 14 - Patient Support (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions