Emergency Diseases Flashcards
What is an exotic emergency disease?
Disease not endemic to Australia
Emergency: disease present in low virulence but suddenly highly virulent
Why is an emergency disease important?
- economic effect
- social implications
- environmental
- Animal
- personal and professional
*don’t have resources to deal with it
What to look for in livestock?
unexplained deaths/production loss
Sores/ulcers mouth & feet (FMD)
reluctance to feed
excessive salivation
discharge esp. diarrhoea and nasal
reduced milk yield
What to look for in poultry
Swollen head , dullness, thin shelled eggs, Unexplained respiratory distress, loss
appetite, sudden deaths, increased
mortality.
What to do after decleared an emergency disease
Contact AUSVETPLAN
establish control centres
quarantine (peopple, animals product)
surveillance, mointoring for other outbreaks –> how far spread/where spread to next
Slaughter out - infected and contacted animals
disposal - carcuss and other materials in contact with them
decomination of facility
eventual restocking - rest period before restock
- sentianal animals to make sure disease isn’t still spreadin
*losss of prodution - no new animals for a period of time
Economic issues with emergency disease
- Costs of disease control
- Costs of the loss of production
- Costs of loss of markets
- Costs of disruption to economic and social activity
- Costs associated with genetic loss
Social issues with emergency disease
- Personal impact on individual producers
- Social impact on local communities
- Social impact on the national community
- transportation
- tourism
- public events
Environmental issues with emergency disease
- Zoonotic implications
- Feral animals and wildlife
- Occupational health and safety
- Disposal of carcasses
- Disposal of effluent from decontamination
Animal welfare issues with emergency disease
- Pain and suffering due to the disease
- Methods of killing and disposal
- Appropriate animals targeted for killing
- Perceived issues from an urbanised public
Personal and professional issues with emergency disease
- Your responsibilities and roles
- The impact on you personally
- The impact on your relationship with your clients
- The impact on your relationship with the local
community
Emergency diseases examples
Avian Influenza virus (depressed and die suddenly)
African Swine Fever (sudden death, fever, diarrhoea, coughing)
Low Path or High Path?
High pathogenic AI (HPAI) causes major disease and
is notifiable internationally (have to be H5 or H7
and cause disease)
Low pathogenic AI (LPAI) causes variable losses and
is not notifiable. There may be H5 or H7 LP types.
Don’t have to report these.
But with passage through larger populations of
domestic fowls, may convert through to HPAI
response to AIV
Slaughter out infected and in contact poultry
(populations)
Decontamination
Strict Quarantine
Movement controls to prevent spread of infection
Tracing and surveillance to locate the extent of
infection “
Onsite burial birds
Disposal litter – composted
- Cleaning and disinfection
- Restock sentinel birds
reponse to ASF in aus
Eradicate via
Quarantine & movement controls, to prevent disease spread
Destruction and disposal of infected
Decontamination of infected premises
Tracing and surveillance to determine extent of infection
