emergency and disaster preparedness Flashcards
disaster
Event in which illness or injuries exceed resource capabilities of a health care facility or community because of destruction and devastation
type of disasters
internal
external
internal
- occur inside a health care facility or campus, fire, explosion, loss of critical utilities, violence
external
- occurs outside of a health care facility or campus
- hurricane, earthquake, tornado, technologic problems, viruses, etc
multi-casualty
managed by the hospital using local resources
mass casualty
- overwhelms local medical capabilities
- may require collaboration or numerous agencies and health care facilities to handle crisis
Emergency Preparedness Plan
- Mandated by The Joint Commission (TJC)
- Accredited health care organizations take “all-hazards approach” to disaster planning
- Disaster drills take place for training
+ Planned based on risk assessment or vulnerability analysis
stop the bleed
- apply pressure with hands
- apply dressing and press
- apply a tourniquet
evacuation plan
part of a fire prevention and preparedness plans for health care facilities
The Life Safety Code® (National Fire Protection Association)-
provides guidelines for building construction, design, maintenance, and evacuation
The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) requires
requires every health care facility to practice at least one fire drill or actual fire response annually
All facility personnel are mandated to have training in fire prevention and responsiveness (blank years)
each year
NBC threats
Term used to describe Nuclear, Biologic and Chemical Threats
HAZMAT training
Became mandatory for ED physicians, providers, and nursing staff
pandemic
an infection or disease that occurs throughout the population of a country or the world
Red
emmergent needing immediate attention (class 1)
yellow
can wait short time for care (class 2)
green
non urgent or walking wounded (class 3)
Black
expected (and allowed) to die or are dead) (class 4)
Notification and Activation
- Radio/cellular/electronic communication takes place between ED and EMS providers at the scene
- State or regional emergency management agency may notify ED
- Each hospital has its own policy regarding activation
Hospital Incident Command System
- Facility-level organizational model for disaster management
- Roles formally structured under hospital or long-term care facility incident commander with clear lines of authority and accountability for specific resources
- Emergency Operations Center (EOC) or command center- A designated location with accessible communication technology
Hospital incident commander-
Physician or administrator who assumes overall leadership for implementing the emergency plan
Medical command physician-
Physician who decides the number, acuity, or resource needs of patients
Triage officer-
Physician or nurse who rapidly evaluates each patient to determine priorities for treatment
Community relations or public information officer-
Person who serves as a liaison between the health care facility and the media
Role of Nursing in Health Care FacilityEmergency Preparedness and Response: Before
- Contribute to developing internal and external emergency response plans
- Consider security needs, communication methods, training, alternative treatment areas, staffing for high demand/surge situation, and requirements for resources, equipment, and supplies
- Participate in disaster drills and evaluate the outcomes, also assist with revising the plan of action if needed
Role of Nursing in Health Care FacilityEmergency Preparedness and Response: during
- Collaborate with medical command physician to organize nursing and ancillary services, and meet patient needs
- Telephone trees or automated group notification systems may be activated to call in ED nurses who are off duty
- Patients are quickly admitted and discharged as appropriate to make room for new patients
- Principles of triage are used to prioritize patient care
who determines when to deactivate emergency response
incident commander
Crisis support teams-
consists of crisis workers with special education and training in psychological first aid and behavioral health to help with coping strategies and prevent Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Administrative review of staff and system performance
aka “hot wash”, analyzes hospital or agency response to an event
Psychosocial Response of Survivors
- Disaster experience can produce immediate and long-lasting effects
- Lifestyle, roles, routines drastically altered
- Coping ability are severely stressed
- Nurses help survivors adapt
- Monitor for signs of ASD or PTSD
- Impact of Event Scale- Revised (IES-R) questionnaire- can be used by nurses as an assessment tool when caring for survivors with symptoms of ASD and PTSD
