Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Med Surg 1 > Ch.28 concepts of care for pt. with infectious respiratory problems > Flashcards

Ch.28 concepts of care for pt. with infectious respiratory problems Flashcards

1
Q

seasonal influenza

A
  • highly contagious acute viral respiratory infection
  • preventable with vaccination
  • hand washing is critical
  • antiviral agents may be effective if started within 24 to 48 hours
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

seasonal flu rapid onset of…

A 
severe headache
muscle ache
fever
chills
fatigue
weakness
anorexia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

pandemic influenza

A
  • potential to spread globally
  • avian flu, MERS, SARS
  • early recognition and quarentine
  • contact and airborne precautions
  • antiviral drugs can be used for prevention or to shorten the duration of the infection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

pneumonia (PNA)

A
  • an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs
  • airsacs may fill with fluid or pus
  • causing cough with phlegm pus fever chills and difficulty breathing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is inflammation pneumonia triggered by

A

infectious organisms and by inhaling irritating agents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

gas exchange concept for pneumonia

A
  • excess fluid in lungs

- can be lobar in nature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

pneumonia health promotion and maintenance

A
  • vaccination: 65 or older, immunocompromised, chronic health issues
  • advoid crowded places during flu season
  • cough, turn, move, deep breathe every 2 hr- helps with gas exchange and gets mucous up
  • clean respiratory equipment- reduced infection
  • avoid pollutants
  • stop smoking
  • get rest and sleep
  • eat healthy diet
  • drink 3l of water daily
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

pneumonia assessment recognize cues: risk factors

A

risk factors:

  • AGE
  • no vaccination
  • chronic health problems
  • use of respiratory equipment
  • vaccination status
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

pneumonia assessment recognize cues: physical assessment and s/s: general appearance

A
  • FLUSHED CHEEKS
  • anxious look
  • chest pain
  • MYALGIA- pain in muscles
  • headache
  • chills
  • fever
  • cough
  • tachycardia
  • dyspna
  • hemoptysis (blood sputum)
  • SPUTUM- may have blood. color:yellow, green, brown, rusty, thick
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

pneumonia assessment recognize cues: physical assessment and s/s: respiraotry assessment

A
  • breathing pattern
  • use of accessory muscles
  • positioning
  • cough
  • sputum assessment
  • lung sounds (crackles)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

pneumonia assessment recognize cues: physical assessment and s/s: vital signs

A
  • increased respiration rate
  • hypotension
  • tachycardia
  • dysrhythmias
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

pneumonia assessment recognize cues: psychosocial

A
  • assess for signs of anxiety
  • approach the pt. calm
  • if experience dyspnea, keep interview short
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

pneumonia assessment recognize cues: lab assessment

A
  • gram stain, culture and sensitivity of sputum- gram positive
  • CBC: elevated wbc
  • blood cultures: infection gone to blood stream
  • ABGs: impaired gas exchange
  • serum electrolytes, BUN, creatinine
  • lactate level: sepsis

chest x ray
pulse ox
thoracentesis- removes fluid or air from lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

pneumonia: why is there a decrease gas exchange

A

due to decreased diffusion at the alveolar capillary membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

pneumonia: why is the a potential for airway obstruction

A

PRIORITY

- due to inflammation with excessive pulmonary secretions, fatigue, muscle weakness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

pneumonia: why is there a potential for sepsis

A

due to the presence of microorganisms in a very vascular area and reduced immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

pneumonia: why is there a potential for pulmonary empyema

A
  • due to a spread of infectious organisms from the lung into the pleaural space
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

pneumonia improving gas exchange

A
  • oxygen therapy

- incentive spirometer

19
Q

pneumonia preventing airway obstruction

A
  • cough and deep breath at least every 2 hr
  • use incentive spirometer
  • drink at least 2l of water
  • monitor i&O, oral mucus membranes, skin turgor
  • bronchodilators prescribed for bronchospasm
  • iv steroids used to decrease inflammation and airway swelling
20
Q

pneumonia: preventing sepsis

A
  • use of anti-infectices for 5-7 days for ucomplicated CAP and up to 21 days with severely impaired immunity or with HAP
  • PNA caused by aspiration involves interventions that prevent lung damage and treat infection
21
Q

pneumonia: managing empyema

A
  • treatment involves draining empysema cavity, re-expanding the lung and controlling infection
  • antibiotics prescribed and chest tube placed, chest surgery is a possibility
22
Q

pneumonia: home care management

A
  • pt. level of fatigue, dyspnea, and social support
  • one level for bathroom needs and sleeping
  • home nursing assessment
23
Q

pneumonia: self management education

A
  • use of anti-infective therapy
  • notify provider of the following symtoms: chills, fever, persistent cough, dyspnea, wheezing, hemoptysis, increased sputum production, chest discomfort, increasing fatugue
  • rest is important= slowly increase activity
24
Q

health care resources

A
  • smoking cessation

- immunization of appropriate persons

25
Q

pneumonia evaluating outcomes

A
  • attains or maintains adequate gas exchange
  • maintains patent airway
  • free from infection
  • avoids empyema
  • returns to pre-pneumonia health status
26
Q

tuberculosis
secondary tb
where does bacillus multiply

A
  • highly communicable caused by myocobacterium tuberculosis
  • transmitted via aerosolization- airborn precautions
  • secondary TB- reactivation of the disease in a previously infected person
  • bacillus multiples when it reaches areas like the bronchi or alveoli
  • tb consists of an inflammation and exudative response, which causes pneuomonitis
  • only small amount of adults infected with bacillus develip active tb
27
Q

TB health promotion and maintenance & risk factors

A

risk factors:

  • homelessness
  • living in crowded conditions
  • substance use with malnutrtion
  • avoidance of people who are ill
  • good handwashing
  • screening
28
Q

TB history

A
  • past tb exposure

- BCG vaccine- may show a false postive= chest xray or bloodwork

29
Q

tb physical assessment s/s

A
  • progrssive fatigue
  • lethargy
  • nausea
  • ANOREXIA
  • WEIGHT LOSS
  • irrgular meses
  • LOW GRADE FEVER
  • COUGH WITH BLOOD STREAKS
  • sptum
  • chest pain
  • night sweats with fever
30
Q

psychosocial

A
  • alleviate fear
  • help not feel isolated
  • direct contact should get tested
  • assist with getting time off of work
31
Q

tb diagnostic test

A
  • chest xray
  • sputum culture
  • NAAT
  • TST
  • IGRA (quantiferon-tb, gold in tube)
32
Q

PPD skin test

A

postive reaction of skin test does not mean that active disease is present, but does indicate that there has been exposure to tuberculosis or dormant disease

33
Q

TB: why is there a potential for airway obstruction

A
  • due to thick secretions and weak cough effort
34
Q

TB: why is there a potential for developing drug resistance

A

spread of infection due to inadequate adherence to therapy regime

35
Q

TB: why is there weight loss

A

due to inadequate intake and nausea from therapy regimen

36
Q

TB: why is there fatigue

A

due to lengthy illness
poor gas exchange
increased energy demands

37
Q

TB: promoting airway clearance

A
  • drink plenty of fluids
  • take a deep breath before coughing
  • use incentive spirometer
38
Q

TB reducing dry resistance and infection spread

A
  • antimicrobial therapy
  • Rifampin: red ting to skin and pee, advoid alc, & extra contraceptives
  • pyrazinamide- pt. has gout advoid, drink with 8oz of water, look for s/s of dark urine
    all for 8 weeks
    combination drug therapy last another 18 weeks
  • airborne precautions
  • sputim specimens every 4 weeks once drug therapy has started
  • 3 consecutive negative sputum cultures means pt. no longer infectious
39
Q

tb improving nutrition

A
  • tb drugs may cayse nausea
  • take once a day meds at night and order antiemetics
  • take with small snack
  • advoid alc
  • lack of phosphorus= lack of energy
40
Q

tb managing fatigue

A
  • pt. should resume activties and get plenty of rest

- reassure pt. that fatigue will resolve with continued treatment

41
Q

tb homecare management

A
  • managed outside hospital

- collab with interprofessional team

42
Q

tb self management

& how long not contangious

A
  • follows medication regimen

- no longer contagious after 2 to 3 weeks of drug therapy

43
Q

TB health care resources: what should they do after treatment?

A
  • pt. should follow up with primary care at least 1 year after active treatment
44
Q

Tb evaluating outcomes

A
  • effective clears airways
  • free of active tb and does not spread infection
  • demonstrates improved nutrition
  • reports decreased fatigue and increased energy
  • returns to pre-tuberculosis health status

Med Surg 1 (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions