acid base balance

Question 1

what is acid base balance

Answer 1

maintenance of arterial blood ph

Question 2

normal ph

Answer 2

7.35-7.45

Question 3

what does ph measure

Answer 3

free hydrogen ions in blood and other fluid

- need balance between production and elimination

Question 4

acid base imbalance leads to

Answer 4

• decrease hormone, enzyme and drug function
• F&E imbalances
• heart, nerves, muscles and gi tract: more or less active

Question 5

acids

Answer 5

substances that release hydrogen ions

Question 6

bases

Answer 6

bind with free hydrogen ions decrease free hydrogren

- bicarbonate (HCO3)- most common

Question 7

buffers

Answer 7

can act as acids (releasing hydrogen ions) or bases (binding w/ hydrogen ions)

Question 8

cellular buffers- 1st line

Answer 8

act as a sponge to soak up extra hydrogen ions if there are too many acidic or release hydrogen ions if not enough (alkaline)

Question 9

lungs- 2nd line

Answer 9

acidic: lungs blow off additional co2, rapid deep breaths
alkaline: conserve co2 via shallow breaths

Question 10

kidneys- slow response

Answer 10

regulation of bicarbonate

Question 11

ph level

Answer 11

7.35-7.45

Question 12

PaCO2 level

Answer 12

35-45 mm hg

Question 13

HCO3 level

Answer 13

21-28 mEq/l

Question 14

respiratory acidosis levels

Answer 14

ph < 7.35

PaCO2 >45mmhg

Question 15

respiratory acidosis causes

Answer 15

• slow shallow respirations

- respiratory congestion/ obstruction

Question 16

respiratory acidosis signs and symptoms

Answer 16

• increasingly difficult breathing
• dyspnea
• weakness
• dizziness
• sleepiness
• change in alertness

Question 17

respiratory acidosis treatment

Answer 17

• establish and maintain airway
• oxygen
• deep breathing exercises
• bronchodilators
• antibiotics

Question 18

metabolic acidosis levels

Answer 18

ph <7.35

hco3 <21

Question 19

metabolic acidosis causes

Answer 19

• shock, poor circulation
• diabetic ketoacidosis
• renal failure
• diarrhea

Question 20

metabolic acidosis s/s

Answer 20

• weakness
• lethargy
• confusion
• headache
• stupor/unconsciousness
• coma

Question 21

metabolic acidosis treatment

Answer 21

• identify and treat underlying cause
• insulin
• dialysis
• iv bicarb and lactate

Question 22

respiratory alkalosis levels

Answer 22

ph > 7.35

PAco2 <35mmhg

Question 23

respiratory alkalosis causes

Answer 23

• hyperventilation
• anxiety
• high fever
• overdose of asa

Question 24

respiratory alkalosis s/s

Answer 24

• deep rapid breathing
• tingling of fingers
• pallor around mouth
• dizziness
• muscle spasms of hands

Question 25

respiratory alkalosis treatment

Answer 25

• breathing through rebreather mask or paper bag

Question 26

metabolic alkalosis levels

Answer 26

ph > 7.45

HC03 > 28 meq/l

Question 27

metabolic alkalosis causes

Answer 27

• vomiting
• excessive antacid intake
• hypokalemia

Question 28

metabolic alkalosis s/s

Answer 28

• irritability
• disorientation
• lethargy
• muscle twitching
• numbness and tingling

Question 29

metabolic alkalosis treatment

Answer 29

• IVF

- electrolyte replacement