Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Paediatrics for Finals > Emergencies > Flashcards

Emergencies Flashcards

1
Q

What do you do if a child has NICE traffic light

a) amber signs
b) red signs

A

a) can go home with strict safety netting or refer to hospital
b) immediate transfer to hospital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the NICE traffic light amber signs?

A
  • pale
  • reduced activity, wake with stimulation
  • nasal flaring, sats <95%
  • poor feeding, reduced UO
  • temp >39
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the NICE traffic light red signs?

A
  • blue, mottled
  • not rousable, high pitched cry
  • grunting or chest indrawing or RR >66
  • reduced skin turgor
  • temp >38 if <3 months old
  • bulging fontanelle, non blanching rash, seizures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the paediatric doses of adrenaline?

A

<6 is 150mcg (0.15ml)
6-12 is 300mcg (0.3ml)
>12 is 500mcg (0.5ml)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are some paediatric signs of RICP?

A
  • bulging fontanelle
  • vomiting
  • headaches
  • seizures
  • LOC
  • muscle flaccidity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

At what spinal level is an LP done?

A

L3-L4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are some contraindications to a LP?

A
  • signs of RICP
  • invasive meningococcal septicaemia
  • bleeding tendency including DIC
  • GCS <13
  • focal neurology
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What should you rule out in a child that is seizing?

A

hypoxia and hypoglycaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the stepwise management of status epilepticus in a child?

A

1) buccal midazolam
2) IV lorazepam x2
3) IV phenytoin or phenobarbital
4) RSI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is meningitis?

A

inflammation of the pia and arachnoid meninges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What organisms commonly cause meningitis in

a) <3 months
b) infants
c) older than 6 years

A

a) GBS, listeria, e. coli

b and c) h. influenza, strep. pneumoniae, n. meningitidis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of meningitis?

A
  • petechial rash
  • fever
  • headache
  • neck stiffness
  • photophobia
  • vomiting
  • bulging fontanelle
  • LOC
  • Kernig’s and Brudzinski’s
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe Kernig’s and Brudzinski’s sign

A

Kernig’s: whilst lying supine with the hip flexed there is extreme back pain if the knee is extended

Brudzinski’s: whilst lying supine if the neck is passively flexed the hips will flex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the characteristic CSF findings in

a) bacterial meningitis
b) viral meningitis

A

a) glucose <2/3 that of blood glucose, neutrophils, raised protein
b) high lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What shape and stain are

a) listeria
b) GBS
c) e.coli

A

a) gram +ve rod
b) gram +ve cocci
c) gram -ve rod

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

If you see ?meningitis in a primary care setting what is given immediately?

A

IM benzylpenicillin

17
Q

Which antibiotics are given in

a) <3 months
b) >3 months
c) confirmed listeria
d) allergy to above abx

A

a) cefotaxime and amoxicillin
b) cefotaxime
c) amoxicillin and gentamicin
d) chloramphenicol

18
Q

Aside from antibiotics to the patient, what other pharmacological management is needed in meningitis?

A

Ciprofloxacin for 7 days to all household contacts

Dexamethasone to the patient if >3 months, not septic, not immunocompromised

19
Q

What are the complications of meningitis?

a) short term
b) long term

A

a) seizures, DIC, RICP, hydrocephalus, acidosis

b) sensorineural hearing loss, limb loss, poor memory and concentration, epilepsy, renal failure

20
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of encephalitis?

A

fever + altered mental status + headache

Generally presents as meningitis

21
Q

What would CSF analysis show in encephalitis?

A

High lymphocyte count
High protein
May be HSV +ve if viral PCR done

22
Q

What is the immediate management of encephalitis?

A

Treat as per meningitis + IV aciclovir

23
Q

Define sepsis

A

Life threatening organ dysfunction due to a dysregulated host immune response to infection

24
Q

What organisms commonly cause neonatal sepsis?

A

GBS and e.coli

25
Q

What are the risk factors for neonatal sepsis?

A
  • previous GBS baby
  • maternal GBS
  • intrapartum fever >38
  • PROM
  • premature
26
Q

How is neonatal sepsis managed?

A

IV benzylpenicillin and gentamicin

27
Q

What are some differentials for a collapsed child?

A
  • vasovagal syncope
  • hypoglycaemia
  • arrhythmias
  • HOCM
  • anaphylaxis
  • seizures
  • anaemia
  • dehydration
28
Q

How is the surface area a burn affects calculated?

A

Can do rule of 9’s but Lund and Browder chart is more accurate

29
Q

Describe a burn affecting

a) epidermal
b) superficial dermal
c) deep dermal
d) full thickness

A

a) red, painful
b) blistered, painful, wet appearance
c) white, reduced sensation, large blisters
d) black, no sensation or pain, no blisters

30
Q

How are burns managed in the community (i.e. first aid)

A

cold water for 30 minutes then layer (not wrap) clingfilm on the burn

31
Q

How are burns managed once in hospital?

A

Fluids: 4 x %SA of burn x weight (kg) given over 24 hours with half in first 8 hours

Analgesia + O2 + tetanus/ abx as necessary

32
Q

When should a referral to specialist secondary care be made for burns?

A 
Any deep dermis or full thickness
2% superficial dermis 
Complex areas eg face and groin
NAI
Inhalation, electrical, chemical
33
Q

What are some differentials for a petechial rash?

A 
HSP
TTP
Meningococcal septicaemia 
Post-pertussis cough
ALL
34
Q

What ratio of compressions to ventilations is used in child life support?

A

15:2

35
Q

Describe the steps in new born life support

A

10 inflation breaths then 30 seconds of ventilations

CPR if HR <60

36
Q

What volume of fluid is used for paediatric fluid resuscitation?

A

20ml/kg over 10-15 minutes

Paediatrics for Finals (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions