Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Paediatrics for Finals > Cardiology > Flashcards

Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

Describe foetal blood flow starting from the placenta

A
  • umbilical vein
  • most through ductus venosus and some to liver
  • IVC
  • right atrium
    a) foramen oval, LA, LV
    b) RV, pulmonary artery, ductus arteriosus
  • aorta
  • circulation
  • umbilical artery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

In general, how may acyanotic congenital heart defects present?

A 
Difficulty feeding
Short of breath 
Failure to thrive 
Heart failure 
Respiratory infections
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the acyanotic CHDs?

A

ASD
VSD
PDA
CoA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Compare ostium secundum and ostium primum ASDs.

Which is seen in Down Syndrome?

A
  • ostium secundum if effectively a patent foramen ovale

- ostium primum is a patent foramen ovale and tricuspid valve incompetence. Seen in Down syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What murmur is heard in ASD? Why do you get this murmur?

A

Ejection systolic heard best at the upper left sternal edge

Increased blood flow in the right outflow tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What murmur is heard in VSD?

A

Pan systolic at the left lower sternal edge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where is the most common location for narrowing in CoA?

A

just distal to the opening on the ductus arteriosus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the signs and investigation findings of CoA?

a) neonatal
b) childhood
c) adulthood

A

a) may just have weak femoral pulses
b) mid systolic murmur at upper left sternal edge radiating to back, BP higher in arms than legs, radio-femoral delay
c) notching of the inferior border of the ribs due to collateral vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is CoA associated with?

A

Turner syndrome

Bicuspid aortic valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the risk factors for PDA?

A

Prematurity

Maternal rubella infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What murmur is heard in PDA? What other signs are there?

A

Continuous machinery like murmur at upper left sternal edge radiating all over the chest
+ wide pulse pressure
+ bounding, collapsing pulse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the defects of ToF?

A

Pulmonary stenosis
Right ventricular hypertrophy
Overriding aorta
VSD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When and how does ToF present?

A

First few months of life

  • dyspnoea
  • cyanotic
  • HF
  • clubbing
  • Tett spells (on exertion, CO2 production leads to peripheral vasodilation, lower systemic vascular resistance means more deoxy blood goes from R-L as path of lower pressure)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the complications of ToF?

A

Cerebral thrombosis
Infective endocarditis
Brain abscess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is seen on CXR in ToF?

A

Boot shaped heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe the abnormality of TGA?

A

Aorta is connected to right heart and pulmonary artery to left heart leading to 2 separate circulations

17
Q

How does TGA present?

A

Within first few hours of life with cyanosis and severe hypoxia

18
Q

How should cyanotic CHDs be managed initially?

A

Prostaglandin infusions to keep any ducts they are depending on open

19
Q

What is hypoplastic left heart syndrome?

A

Underdeveloped left heart means that the right heart is maintaining both pulmonary and systemic circulations via an ASD

20
Q

What is Eisenmenger’s syndrome and how does it present?

A

Reversal of a L to R shunt due to pulmonary hypertension

  • Original murmur disappears
  • Dyspnoea
  • Cyanosed
  • Clubbing
21
Q

What is Ebstein’s anomaly? What can cause it?

A

Low insertion of the tricuspid valve meaning you get a very large atrium and small ventricle

Maternal use of lithium

22
Q

Where on the chest may an innocent murmur be heard?

A

Just below the clavicles - Venous hum

Lower left sternal edge - Stills murmur

23
Q

Describe the features of venous hum

A

continuous soft blowing murmur heard when the child is standing

24
Q

Describe the features of Stills murmur

A

short, systolic, musical low pitch murmur that intensifies with exercise and fever

25
Q

What are your differentials for a cyanosed neonate?

A
  • Transient peripheral cyanosis of the new-born (acrocyanosis)
  • CHDs
  • Transient tachypnoea of the newborn
  • RDS
  • Meconium aspiration
  • Infection
  • Seizures
26
Q

What is the hyperoxia test?

A

Give 100% oxygen for 10 minutes, if the cyanosis and saturations do not improve the pathology cannot be respiratory and is likely CHD

Paediatrics for Finals (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions