Emergencies Flashcards

1
Q

an event independent of human willpower, caused by an external force, acts rapidly and results in bodily or mental damage

A

Accident

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

“the physical damage that results when a human body is suddenly subjected to energy (mechanical, thermal, chemical or radiated) in amounts exceeding threshold of physiological tolerance or the result of a lack of one or more vital elements, such as oxygen”

A

Injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

implies random event that cannot be prevented

A

Accident

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

a medical condition with defined risk and protective factors, hence, can be controlled and prevented

A

Injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

the term accident prevention has been replaced by

A

injury control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

CHILDHOOD ACCIDENTS AND INJURIES

A

ppt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

most commonly injured sites, with deep 2nd degree friction injury sometimes associated with fractures of __

A

Hands

fingers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

major cause of morbidity and mortality in house fires

A

smoke inhalation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

approximately 18% of burns are the result of child abuse, usually ___.

A

scalds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

flame burns accound for ___%

A

13

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

classification of burn injury according to degree of severity

A

1st degree
2nd degree
3rd degree
4th degree

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

classification of burn injury according to depth of injury

A

Partial thickness

Full thickness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

zone of tissue injury. center of burn wound and represents actual tissue damage

A

zone of coagulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

zone of tissue injury. the surrounding area and represents areas of potential tissue loss

A

zone of stasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

zone of tissue injury. outer ring. unburned tissue that is inflamed

A

zone of hyperemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

burn wound pathophysiology

A

changes in capillary permeability allow plasma to seep into interstitial spaces.
the sodium pump fails and sodium remains in the cell.
there is a corresponding increase in serum potassium.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

pag may blisters, anong degree?

A

2nd degree burn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

depth of burn wounds. 1st degree

A

epidermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

depth of burn wounds. 2nd degree

A

corium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

depth of burn wounds. 3rd degree

A

fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

classification of burn injury according to depth of injury.
epidermis remains intact and without blisters.
erythema; skin blanches with pressure. pain. epidermis (sweat duct, capillary)

A

1st degree

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

classification of burn injury according to depth of injury. wet, shiny, weeping surface. blisters. wound blanches with pressure. painful. sensitive to touch, air currents. dermis. subQ, nerve endings, hair follicle.

A

2nd degree

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

classification of burn injury according to depth of injury. color variable (deep red, white, black, brown). surface dry, thrombosed vessels visible, no blanching. insensate (decreased pinprick sensation). sweat gland, fat, blood vessel. autografting.

A

3rd degree

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

classification of burn injury according to depth of injury. color variable, charring visible in deepest areas, extremity movement limited. insensate. bone. amputation, autografting

A

4th degree

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

burns involving the face, eyes, ears, hands, feet, and perineum likely to result in functional or cosmetic disability

A

major burn injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

first aid for pain

A

analgesics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

high voltage electrical burn injury

A

major burn injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

all burn injuries with concomitant inhalation injury or major trauma

A

major burn injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

less than 10% TBSA full-thickness burn without cosmetic or functional risk of face, eyes, ears, hands, feet, or perineum

A

moderate burn injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

less than 2% TBSA full-thickness burn without cosmetic or functional risk of face, eyes, ears, hands, feet, or perineum

A

minor burn injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

burn initial assessment should first include

A

airway, breathing, circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

RMR x Activity Factor x Injury Factor

A

Modified Harris-Benedict

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

strongest determinant of mortality from burns, mostly from fires in the home

A

smoke inhalation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

highest death rates in burns

A

infants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

lowest death rates in burns

A

10-14 yo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

The death rate climbs again at which age.

A

15-19 yo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

important cause in overall morbidity from burns, and a significant cause of disability

A

scalds and contact burns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Unawareness of risks

a. Psychosocial (endogenous) Predisposing Factors
b. Environmental (exogenous) Predisposing Factors
c. Precipitating Factors

A

a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Lack of experience

a. Psychosocial (endogenous) Predisposing Factors
b. Environmental (exogenous) Predisposing Factors
c. Precipitating Factors

A

a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Need to explore and innovate

a. Psychosocial (endogenous) Predisposing Factors
b. Environmental (exogenous) Predisposing Factors
c. Precipitating Factors

A

a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Role models (motorcyclist as hero)

a. Psychosocial (endogenous) Predisposing Factors
b. Environmental (exogenous) Predisposing Factors
c. Precipitating Factors

A

a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Risk-taking behavior

a. Psychosocial (endogenous) Predisposing Factors
b. Environmental (exogenous) Predisposing Factors
c. Precipitating Factors

A

a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Use of a motor vehicle to build up self-esteem

a. Psychosocial (endogenous) Predisposing Factors
b. Environmental (exogenous) Predisposing Factors
c. Precipitating Factors

A

a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Psychological maladjustments (extreme personality traits, unbalanced personality)

a. Psychosocial (endogenous) Predisposing Factors
b. Environmental (exogenous) Predisposing Factors
c. Precipitating Factors

A

a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Sociopathic behavior (aggressiveness, deviance)

a. Psychosocial (endogenous) Predisposing Factors
b. Environmental (exogenous) Predisposing Factors
c. Precipitating Factors

A

a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Family dysfunctions (chronic family syndrome)

a. Psychosocial (endogenous) Predisposing Factors
b. Environmental (exogenous) Predisposing Factors
c. Precipitating Factors

A

a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Habitual use of a two-wheeled vehicle without due protection

a. Psychosocial (endogenous) Predisposing Factors
b. Environmental (exogenous) Predisposing Factors
c. Precipitating Factors

A

b

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Lack of body protection (helmet, gloves, etc.)

a. Psychosocial (endogenous) Predisposing Factors
b. Environmental (exogenous) Predisposing Factors
c. Precipitating Factors

A

b

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Increased commercial advertising promoting vehicles that are dangerous

a. Psychosocial (endogenous) Predisposing Factors
b. Environmental (exogenous) Predisposing Factors
c. Precipitating Factors

A

b

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Inadequate age-specific driving regulations

a. Psychosocial (endogenous) Predisposing Factors
b. Environmental (exogenous) Predisposing Factors
c. Precipitating Factors

A

b

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Inadequate enforcement of existing laws

a. Psychosocial (endogenous) Predisposing Factors
b. Environmental (exogenous) Predisposing Factors
c. Precipitating Factors

A

b

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Increasing need to make long trips to and from work, school, etc.

a. Psychosocial (endogenous) Predisposing Factors
b. Environmental (exogenous) Predisposing Factors
c. Precipitating Factors

A

b

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Inadequately or excessively expensive public transport

a. Psychosocial (endogenous) Predisposing Factors
b. Environmental (exogenous) Predisposing Factors
c. Precipitating Factors

A

b

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Heightened emotional tension (endocrinological and psychological)

a. Psychosocial (endogenous) Predisposing Factors
b. Environmental (exogenous) Predisposing Factors
c. Precipitating Factors

A

c

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Alcoholic condition

a. Psychosocial (endogenous) Predisposing Factors
b. Environmental (exogenous) Predisposing Factors
c. Precipitating Factors

A

c

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Driving under influence of medicines or drugs (especially hallucinogenic)

a. Psychosocial (endogenous) Predisposing Factors
b. Environmental (exogenous) Predisposing Factors
c. Precipitating Factors

A

c

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Special traffic conditions

a. Psychosocial (endogenous) Predisposing Factors
b. Environmental (exogenous) Predisposing Factors
c. Precipitating Factors

A

c

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Social pressure to “perform” in a certain way (traveling in groups)

a. Psychosocial (endogenous) Predisposing Factors
b. Environmental (exogenous) Predisposing Factors
c. Precipitating Factors

A

c

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Use of poorly maintained vehicles

a. Psychosocial (endogenous) Predisposing Factors
b. Environmental (exogenous) Predisposing Factors
c. Precipitating Factors

A

c

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Use of stolen vehicles

a. Psychosocial (endogenous) Predisposing Factors
b. Environmental (exogenous) Predisposing Factors
c. Precipitating Factors

A

c

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

age with highest % of death due to injuries

A

15-19 yo in us

10-14 in ph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

top 2 causes of child injury deaths

A
  1. road traffic injuries

2. drowning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

3rd leading cause of injury death in children 1–4 yr of age (infantile) and 2nd leading cause in 15–19 yr old (adolescent)

A

homicide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

Injuries most common cause of death when

A

beyond 1st few mo of life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

3rd leading cause of death for 15–19 yr old

A

suicide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

most common injury (in PH) for children to miss school

A

sharp objects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

a child’s behavioral style

A

Temperament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

irregular rhythm, high energy, negative mood, low adaptability

A

Difficult child:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

opposite of child with irregular rhythm, high energy, negative mood, low adaptability

A

easy child

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

low activity, positive approach, highly adaptable, mild energy

A

Slow to warm up child

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

interest in accomplishing a task

A

motivation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

Motivation

A

Normal drive for autonomy
Interest in imitating behavior
Risk-taking or self-destructive behaviors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

level of functioning

A

Competencies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

sometimes lose touch with reality combined with innate need for experimentation and tendency to imitate older persons

A

adolescents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

Two major causes of death

A

Airway compromise

Unrecognized hemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

Traumatic injuries that may affect successful resuscitation:

A

Cervical spine injury
Hemorrhage
Chest trauma

77
Q

Three DELAYS that KILL!

A

DELAY in decision-making
DELAY in transporting patient
DELAY in managing patient

78
Q

Principles of Injury Control

A

Education or persuasion
Changes in product design
Modification of social (laws) or physical environment

79
Q

Control external hemorrhage immediately by

A

direct pressure over the wound

80
Q

CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION

A

PPT

81
Q

respiratory alkalosis with an anion gap

A

salicylates

82
Q

late sequelae includes pyloric and intestinal scarring with stenosis

A

iron poisoning

83
Q

peripheral blood smear may show microcytic anemia, basophilic stippling, and RBC precursors

A

lead poisoning

84
Q

classic PE findings, although uncommon inc cherry red skin

A

carbon monoxide poisoning

85
Q

antidote is N-acetylcysteine

A

acetaminophen

86
Q

inhalation injury is the most important predictor of mortality

A

burn injury

87
Q

major damage concealed, visible areas are necrotic tissues

A

electrical injury

88
Q

produce a coagulative necrosis and liquefactive necrosis of tissues

A

chemical injury

89
Q

leads the list of injuries beyond infancy

A

vehicular accidents

90
Q

most common in infants

A

fall injury

91
Q

head tilted back with mouth open

A

near drowning

92
Q

may result in pulmonary edema

A

near drowning

93
Q

commonly occurs in children less than 3 yo

A

foreign body aspiration

94
Q

Heimlich maneuver

A

foreign body aspiration

95
Q

head tilt chin maneuver

A

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

96
Q

bolus fluid resuscitation therapy: 20mL/kg isotonic crystalloid solution administered ASAP

A

cardiopulmonary resuscitation and shock

97
Q

inotropes for poor perfusion or hypotension with adequate volume and stable rhythm

A

shock and CPR

98
Q

treat acid base imbalance

A

shock and CPR

99
Q

cricothyrotomy

A

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

100
Q

60% of poisoning occurs in this age group

A

0-5 yo

101
Q

age group where suicide is the 3rd leading cause of death

A

15-19 yo

102
Q

suffocation occurs in about 50% of all intestinal(?) deaths

A

0-5 yo

103
Q

age group where burn injuries rank lowest

A

11-14 yo

104
Q

peak of foreign body aspiration

A

0-5 yo

105
Q

eythema

A

1st degree burn

106
Q

thrombosed veins visible

A

3rd degree burn

107
Q

very sensitive to touch or currents

A

2nd degree burn

108
Q

desquamation in 3-7 days

A

1st degree burn

109
Q

extremity movement limited

A

4th degree burn

110
Q

preferred gastric decontamination is WBI

A

iron poisoning

111
Q

directly related to glutathione during its metab by CYP 450

A

acetaminophen

112
Q

o2 is displaced from hemoglobin molecure

A

CO poisoning

113
Q

Tinnitus

A

salicylate poisoning

114
Q

dialysis may be required in life threatening situation

A

salicylate poisoning

115
Q

hypertension is manifested when blood loss is about 25%

A

trauma/ hypovolemic shok

116
Q

52% occurs in the right main bronchus

A

foreign body aspiration

117
Q

pulmonary edema and atelectasis are expected complications

A

near drowning

118
Q

using 2 fingers in chest compression

A

BLS

119
Q

presence of congenital heart disease may be an etiological factor

A

cardiogenic shock

120
Q

center of burn wound and actual tissue damage

A

zone of coagulation

121
Q

wet, weeping surface of the skin

A

2nd degree burn

122
Q

more than or = to 25% volume loss

A

shock

123
Q

inadequate ventilation of oxygenation

A

respiratory failure

124
Q

insufficient ventilation, oxygenation and perfusion

A

cardiopulmonary failure

125
Q

with generalized seizures, metabolic acidosis and coma

A

isoniazid poisoning

126
Q

has 200x more affinity to Hgb than O2

A

carbon monoxide

127
Q

induces parasympathetic effects

A

organophosphate poisoning

128
Q

pattie had a seizure 30mins after ingetsing the toxic dose of

A

isoniazid poisoning

129
Q

uses Rumack-Matthew Normogram

A

Acetaminophen Poisoning

130
Q

hemodialysis is indicated

A

salycilate poisoning

131
Q

most common lower airway object

A

peanut

132
Q

maneuver in older children and adults

A

Heimlich maneuver

133
Q

most common cause of accidents in toddlers and children

A

motor vehicle accident

134
Q

salt water drowning is associated with

A

Pulmonary edema

135
Q

bradycardia is most common in

A

cold water drowning

136
Q

15 mo old child suffering 2nd degree burn is best assessed using

A

Lund and browder Chart

137
Q

secondary gram positive infections in burn patients is caused by

A

S. aureus

138
Q

Fracture of distal radius and ulna

A

Colle’s fracture

139
Q

Low-energy forces

A

toddler’s fracture

140
Q

supination and flexion of elbow is used in

A

Pulled elbow

141
Q

air passes in and out, no radiographic changes and S/Sx

A

bypass valve

142
Q

most corrosive componen of coins

A

Zinc

143
Q

Most corrosive component of button batteries

A

Mercury

144
Q

concentration used in isopropyl alcohol

A

70-90%

145
Q

urine coproporphyrin is during Pb toxicity. what is the unusual normal level?

A

<120ug/L

146
Q

during Hyperbaric Tx, CO is decreased within how many mins?

A

20-30 mins

147
Q

max dose of Vit B6 in children and adult, respectively

A

child 20g

adult 40g

148
Q

ratio of vitB6 to INH ingestion

A

1:1

149
Q

atropin sulfate is given how many dosage? route?

A

0.03-0.04mg/kg IV

150
Q

isoniazid toxicity level in adult and child respectively

A

child 10-20 mg/kg/day

adult 300mg

151
Q

plumbism occurs in 3 ways.

A

inhalation, ingestion, cutaneous contamination

152
Q

triad in INH toxicity

A

generalized edema,
metabolic acidosis,
coma

153
Q

NaHCO3 for acidosis what dose and route during INH toxicity

A

1-2 meQ/kg IV

154
Q

clinical symptoms of Plumbism in blood is

A

> 70ug/dL

155
Q

lethal dose in Ethanol alcohol in children and adult respectively

A

child 3g/kg

adult 5-8 g/kg

156
Q

use of containers for drugs and other dangerous household products.

active or passive intervention?

A

passive

157
Q

use of proper labeling in household products

active or passive intervention?

A

active

158
Q

change of behavior by parents or caretakers to prevent untoward incidents of drugs or household toxicity

A

active

159
Q

abnormal ABG and ECG is noted

A

carbon monoxide

160
Q

hemodialysis can be assessed as tx

A

isopropyl alcohol

161
Q

lab findings are acetonia, acetonuria and metabolic acidosis

A

isopropyl alcohol

162
Q

immediately absorbed in GIT (30mins)

A

isopropyl alcohol

163
Q

2 agents said to be rapidly absorbed

A

INH

Ethanol

164
Q

metallic taste

A

lead toxicity

165
Q

prescribed as cough medication

A

INH toxicity

166
Q

requires chelation therapy

A

lead toxicity

167
Q

peroxynitrate is known as the toxic metabolite seen in what condition

A

CO poisoning

168
Q

Increase in ICP, edema, and more likely will lead to death is

A

lead

169
Q

fastric decontaminantion where ativated charcoal can be used is the mgt of

A

INH toxicity

170
Q

motor incoordination, dizziness and slurred speech

A

ethanol

171
Q

hypotonia, hypothermia, hemolytic anemia

A

isopropyl alcohol

172
Q

patient is given Naloxone which is the tx for CNS depression. identify the type of toxicity or chemical agents in the said ondition

A

ethanol?

173
Q

oxygenation and hyperbaric therpay as tx

A

carbon monoxide

174
Q

most toxic agents have nausea and vomitting. however, hematemesis is seen in

A

isopropyl alcohol

175
Q

lavage or emesis is tx for

A

ethanol

176
Q

tissue hypoxia is seen in

A

CO poisoning

177
Q

dense metaphyseal line in xray

A

lead toxicity

178
Q

normal RR for premature

A

40-70 cpm

179
Q

normal RR for 0-3 months

A

35-55 cpm

180
Q

normal RR for 3-6 months

A

30-45 cpm

181
Q

normal RR for 6 to 12 mos

A

25-40 cpm

182
Q

normal RR for 1-3 yo

A

20-30 cpm

183
Q

normal RR for 3-6 yo

A

20-25 cpm

184
Q

normal RR for 6-12 yo

A

14-22 cpm

185
Q

normal RR for 12 yo and above

A

12-18 cpm

186
Q

normal HR for newborn to 3 mo

A

85-200 bpm

187
Q

normal HR for 3mo-2yo

A

100-190 bpm

188
Q

normal HR for >2 yo

A

80-140 bpm

189
Q

bradycardia for all ages

A

< or = 60 bpm