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Special Senses - Eye > Emergencies > Flashcards

Emergencies Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four ophthalmology emergencies?

A
  1. Acute angle closure glaucoma
  2. Orbital cellulitis
  3. Giant cell arteritis
  4. Chemical injury
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2
Q

What age and ethnicity is acute angle closure glaucoma most common in?

A

60-70 yrs

South Asian

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3
Q

Four common pharmacological risk factors for AACG?

A
  1. Dilating eye drops
  2. Tricyclics/SSRIs
  3. Phenothiazines
  4. Ipratropium
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4
Q

Common symptoms of AACG?

A
  1. Sudden severe pain
  2. Red eye
  3. Blurred vision
  4. Nausea and vomiting
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5
Q

Three signs of AACG?

A
  1. Raised IO pressure
  2. Fixed dilated pupils
  3. Raised cup:disc ratio
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6
Q

Treatment of AACG?

A
  1. Beta-blocker drops (timolol)
  2. Pilocarpine drops (constricts pupil - moves iris away from blockage)
  3. Steroid eye drops
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7
Q

What age group is most at risk of orbital cellulitis?

A

Children

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8
Q

Main risk factor of orbital cellulitis?

A

Sinusitis

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9
Q

Four symptoms of orbital cellulitis?

A
  1. Erythema
  2. Pain
  3. Blurred vision
  4. Systemic infection (fever, malaise, etc.)
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10
Q

Three signs of orbital cellulitis?

A
  1. Proptosis
  2. Lowered visual acuity
  3. RAPD
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11
Q

What is RAPD? (relative afferent pupillary defect)

A

Partial constriction of pupil when light shone directly into affected side

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12
Q

Treatment of orbital cellulitis?

A

IV cefotaxime + flucloxacillin

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13
Q

Treatment of orbital cellulitis in penicillin allergy?

A

Clindamycin + quinolone

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14
Q

What age and sex is giant cell arteritis more common in?

A

Over 60 yrs, women

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15
Q

Two risk factors of giant cell arteritis?

A
  1. Vasculitis

2. Autoimmune disease

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16
Q

Three major symptoms of giant cell arteritis?

A
  1. Temporal headache (uni/bilateral)
  2. Jaw claudication
  3. Painless vision loss in one/both eyes
17
Q

Is injury to the eye worse by acid or alkali?

Why?

A

Alkali

Infiltrates deeper into the surface of the eye

18
Q

Three symptoms of chemical injury?

A
  1. Pain
  2. Blurring
  3. Foreign body sensation
19
Q

Two signs of chemical injury?

A
  1. Photophobia

2. Cloudy cornea

20
Q

Immediate treatment of chemical injury?

A

Copious irrigation (20L) with saline/water

21
Q

Two additional symptomatic treatments of chemical injury?

A
  1. Broad-spectrum Abx

2. Anti-glaucoma medications

Special Senses - Eye (3 decks)

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