Embryology TIPS from teacher

Question 0

Superior hypophyseal arteries

Answer 0

• Supplies: Pars tuberalis and the Infundibulum

- Form the primary capillary plexus, in the median eminence

Question 1

Blood vessles -> pituitary gland

Answer 1

• From the internal carotid artery:
  > Superior hypophyseal arteries
  > Inferior hypophyseal arteries
• Hypophyseal portal veins

Question 2

Inferior hypophyseal arteries

Answer 2

• Supply: the posterior lobe (primarly) and a few branches goes to the anterior lobe

Question 3

Hypophyseal portal veins

Answer 3

• Drains: the primarly capillary plexus of the median eminence, which delivers its blood into the secondary capillary plexus, located in the pars distalis

Question 4

Secondary capillary plexus

Answer 4

The primarly capillary plexus of the median eminence delivers its blood into the secondary capillary plexus
- Location: the pars distalis

Question 5

Functionalis vascularization

Answer 5

• Arcuate arteries(of the stratum vasculare) that supply the functionalis:
  > Helical arteries:
  ~ Coiled arteries that supplies the galnds and the connective tissue
  > Straight arteries
  ~ Shorter that the arcuate arteries
  ~ Supply ONLY the basalis

Question 6

Stratum vasculare

Answer 6

Located in the middle layer of myometrium

Question 7

Stratum vasculare

Answer 7

• Richly vascularized middle layer of the myometrium

- Houses the arcuate arteries

Question 8

When is the embryonic period, period of organogenesis?

Answer 8

It is from the 3rd to 8th week

Question 9

When is the fetal period?

Answer 9

9th week to birth

Question 10

Endodermal germ layer

Answer 10

• Forms the epithelial lining of the primitive gut and the intraembryonic portions of the allantois and vitelline duct
• Epithelial lining of the respiratory tract
• The parenchyma of the thyroid, parathyroids, liver, and pancreas
• The reticular stroma of the tonsils and the thymus
• The epithelial lining of the urinary bladder and the urethra
• The epithelial lining of the tympanic cavity and auditory tube

Question 11

What gives rise to all of the three germ layers (endoderm, ectoderm, mesoderm)

Answer 11

Epiblast

Question 12

Ectodermal germ layer gives rise to:

Answer 12

• CNS
• PNS
• Sensory epithelium for ear nose and eye
• Epidermis including nails and hair
• Subcutanous glands
• Mammary gland
• Pituitary gland
• Enamel of teeth

Question 13

Mesoderm gives rise to:

Answer 13

• Supporting tissues (Connective tissues, cartilages, and bone)
• Striated and smooth musculature
• Blood and lymph cells
• Walls of the heart, blood, and lymph vessles
• Kidneys, gonads, and their corresponing ducts
• Cortical portion of suprarenal gland
• Spleen

Question 14

Somite formation

Answer 14

• Cells migrate more posteriorly through the node and cranialmost aspect of streak → paraxial mesoderm (somitomeres and somites)
• By the beginning of 3rd week, paraxial mesoderm is organized into segments, known as somitomeres, which first appear in cephalic region.