Embryology of Urinary & Reproductive Systems Flashcards
intermediate mesoderm gives rise to _
large portions of the urinary and genitalia systems
kidney caudal sequence
pronephros –> mesonephros –> metanephros
mesonephros
forms functional renal corpsucles and tubules that connect with the mesonephric duct (Wolffian)
metanephros
forms the permanent kidney
gonads develop on _
medial side of mesonephros
paramesonephric (Mullerian) duct develops _
parallel to mesonephric duct
collecting structures are all from _
ureteric bud
nephrons develop from _
metanephric mesoderm
ureteric bud gives rise to _
ureter, pelvises, and collecting ducts
gonads are anchored by _
gubernaculum
pelvic kidney
kidney that did not ascend to correct position; adrenal gland will still be in correct position because they develop apart from one another
horseshoe kidney
two kidneys fuse together during ascension; can not ascend further than inferior mesenteric artery
mesonephric duct will ultimately empty into _
urethra
ureteric duct will ultimately empty into _
bladder
allantois
extension from apex of forming bladder to the umbilicus; also known as urachus
urachal fistula
if allantois remains open, can connect bladder and umbilicus and urine can drain into umbilical area
urachal cysts and sinuses
allantois not open to umbilicus or bladder; allantois open only to umbilicus
extrophy of bladder
anterior abdominal wall fails to form over developing bladder
epispadias
urethra on dorsal side of penis
male primitive sex cords
form the testis cords that will ultimately become the seminiferous tubules
mesonephric tubules in males
will become the efferent ductules that are open to the mesonephric duct
mesonephric duct in males
will become the vas deferens, epididymis, seminal vesicle, and ejaculatory duct
original primitive cords in females
will degenerate
SRY gene
on Y chromosome; produces the testis determining factor that causes development of a testis in males
WNT4 gene
expressed in females for ovarian development
paramesonephric ducts become
Mullerian ducts in females
mesonephric ducts become
Wolffian ducts in males
Mullerian ducts (paramesonephric)
form the fallopian tubes
mesonephric duct remnants in females
can cause cysts (Gartner’s)
septate uterus
incomplete resorption of septum; leads to decreased fertility
bicornuate uterus
incomplete fusion of Mullerian ducts; increased risk of complicated pregnancy
uterus didelphys
complete failure of fusion leading to double uterus, cervix, and vagina; pregnancy possible
Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser Syndrome
failure to form Mullerian ducts; impaired uterine development but normal secondary sexual characteristics
remnant of gubernaculum in males
scrotal ligament
remnant of gubernaculum in females
round ligament of uterus and ovarian ligament
cryptorchid testis
when testis does not descend into scrotum
hypospadias
urethral folds do not fuse and there are openings of the ventral side of penile urethra
bulbourethral glands and _ are homologues
greater vestibular glands
prostate glands and _ are homologues
paraurethral glands (Skene’s)
scrotum and _ are homologues
labia majora
