Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Renal > Embryology of the Urinary System > Flashcards

Embryology of the Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

When does the development of the urinary system begin?

A

During week 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where does the urinary system develop from?

A

The urogenital ridges in the intermediate mesoderm on either side of the primitive aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the three overlapping systems that the kidneys develop from?

A

The pronephros, mesonephros and metanephros

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where does development of the pronephros begin?

A

The cervical region of the embryo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What system do the nephrotomes belong to?

A

The pronephros

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the nephrotomes?

A

Segmented divisions of intermediate mesoderm = between 6 and 10 pairs are formed in total

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What structure do the nephrotomes join with?

A

Join into the pronephric duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the pronephric duct?

A

Duct that extends from the cervical region to the cloaca of the embryo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the fate of the pronephros?

A

Non-functional and regresses completely by the end of week 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where does the mesonephros develop?

A

Caudally to the pronephros

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does the presence of the pronephric duct induce in the mesonephros?

A

Induces the nearby intermediate mesoderm in the thoracolumbar region to form mesonephric tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How is filtration of blood by the mesonephros facilitated?

A

Mesonephric tubules receive a tuft of capillaries from the dorsal aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where do the capillaries that supply the mesonephric tubules drain into?

A

The mesonephric duct = continuation of the pronephrotic duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What do the mesonephric tubules act as?

A

A primitive excretory system = most tubules regress by end of month 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What structure does the mesonephric duct give rise to?

A

Sprouts the ureteric bud caudally, which induces the development of the definitive kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does the metanephros form?

A

The definitive kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When does the metanephros begin to develop?

A

Appears in week 5 and becomes functional around weeks 9-11

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the components of the metanephros?

A

Ureteric bud and the metanephric blastema = consists of a collecting system and an excretory system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where is the collecting system of the metanephros derived from?

A

The ureteric bud

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does the collecting system of the metanephros go on to form?

A

Dilates to create the ureter, renal pelvis, major and minor calyces, and collecting tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where does the collecting system of the metanephros terminate?

A

At the distal convoluted tubule

22
Q

What happens if the ureteric bud splits too early?

A

May cause two ureters, or two renal pelvices connecting to one ureter

23
Q

Where is the excretory system of the metanephros derived from?

A

The metanephric blastema

24
Q

What is each collecting tubule from the collecting system of the metanephros covered by?

A

A metanephric tissue cap = gives rise to the excretory tubules

25
Q

What structures go on to form the nephrons?

A

The excretory tubules of the metanephros along with the developing glomeruli

26
Q

What does the proximal end of the excretory tubule form?

A

The Bowman’s capsule around the glomerulus

27
Q

What does the distal end of the excretory tubule form?

A

Elongates to form the proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle and distal convoluted tubule

28
Q

Where does the definitive kidney develop?

A

Initially develops in the pelvic region before ascending in to the abdomen to L1 level during weeks 6-9

29
Q

Where does the kidney receive blood from when it’s in the pelvis?

A

From a pelvic branch of the abdominal aorta

30
Q

What happens to the blood supply to the kidney as it ascends?

A

New arteries from the abdominal aorta supply the kidney

31
Q

What happens to the pelvic vessels that used to supply the kidney once it has ascended?

A

Pelvic vessels usually regress but can persist as accessory renal arteries

32
Q

What causes a horseshoe kidney?

A

Inferior poles of the metanephroi meet and fuse before ascent = kidney becomes trapped beneath the IVC

33
Q

Where are the bladder and the urethra derived from?

A

The cloaca

34
Q

When does the urorectal septum divide the cloaca into two parts?

A

During weeks 4-7

35
Q

What are the two part that the cloaca is divided into by the urorectal septum?

A

Anal canal (posterior) and the urogenital sinus (anterior)

36
Q

What are the three parts of the urogenital sinus?

A

Upper part = forms bladder

Pelvic part and phallic/caudal part

37
Q

What does the pelvic part of the urogenital sinus form?

A

Entire urethra and some of the reproductive tract in females

Prostatic and membranous urethras in males

38
Q

What does the phallic/caudal part of the urogenital sinus form?

A

Part of the reproductive tract in females

Spongy urethra in males

39
Q

What initially drains the bladder?

A

The allantois = obliterated during foetal development and become the urachus

40
Q

What does the urachus become in adults?

A

Remnant exists as the median umbilical ligament = connects apex of bladder to umbilicus

41
Q

What happens as the bladder develops from the urogenital sinus?

A

It absorbs the Wolffian ducts to become the trigone of the bladder

42
Q

What are the Wolffian ducts?

A

Caudal parts of the mesonephric ducts

43
Q

Where do the ureters enter the bladder?

A

At the base of the trigone

44
Q

Where do the ureters form from?

A

Form as outgrowths of the mesonephric ducts

45
Q

How do the bladder and urethra develop in males?

A

As kidneys ascend the ureteric openings move cranially

Wolffian ducts move caudally and closer together and enter the prostatic urethra

46
Q

What do the Wolffian ducts form in men?

A

The ejaculatory ducts

47
Q

How do the bladder and urethra develop in women?

A

As kidneys ascend the ureteric openings move cranially

48
Q

What happens to the mesonephric ducts in women?

A

They degenerate due to a lack of testicular androgens

49
Q

What are some defects that can occur in the bladder?

A

Urachal fistula, urachal cysts, urachal sinus

50
Q

What happens to the ureteric buds at 28 days of development?

A

They sprout from the distal mesonephric ducts

51
Q

When do the ureteric buds penetrate the metanephric blastema?

A

At 32 days of development

Renal (36 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions