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OS 202 > Embryology of the Nervous System > Flashcards

Embryology of the Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the product of the fertilization of the egg?

A

Zygote

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2
Q

What is the product of the continuous cleavage of a zygote / a fertilized egg

A

Blastomere

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3
Q

What is the product of rapid mitotic division of a blastomere?

A

Morula

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4
Q

Rearrangement of the cells forms this structure with a blastocoel.

A

Blastocyst

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5
Q

Process of producing the 3 germ layers

A

Gastrulation

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6
Q

What are the 3 germ layers?

A

Ectoderm, Mesoderm, Endoderm

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7
Q

What are the derivatives of the ectoderm?

A

Neural ectoderm = Nervous system

Surface ectoderm = Skin

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8
Q

Germ layer that gives rise to mesenchymal elements and structures that surround the spinal cord

A

Mesoderm

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9
Q

Germ layer that gives rise to the gastrointestinal tract

A

Endoderm

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10
Q

Formation of a cluster of cells, crowded close together at the ectodermal cell layer destined to become the nervous system

A

Primitive streak

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11
Q

Process of forming the neural fold and the neural tube

A

Neurulation

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12
Q

When is the neural fold formed?

A

Day 20

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13
Q

When is the neural tube completely closed?

A

Day 28 / 4 weeks of life

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14
Q

When is the primitive streak formed?

A

Day 15

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15
Q

Pear-shaped thickening located between the primitive node and the oropharyngeal membrane (future mouth)

A

Neural Plate

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16
Q

When is the neural plate formed?

A

3rd week of gestation

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17
Q

The neural plate folds inward to form the __________ flanked by parallel __________.

A

Neural groove, neural folds

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18
Q

What structure induces formation of the neural tube?

A

Notochord

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19
Q

Product of the fusion of the neural folds

A

Neural tube

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20
Q

Fusion of the neural folds to form the neural tube occurs from the __________ region to the __________ region.

A

Occurs from cervical region to caudal region.

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21
Q

What is the future derivative of the rostral portion of the neural tube?

A

Brain

22
Q

What is the future derivative of the caudal portion of the neural tube?

A

Spinal cord

23
Q

Process of neural tube formation

A

Primary neurulation

24
Q

When do most malformations occur during pregnancy?

A

1st trimester

25
Q

Cell body + Axon + Dendrites

A

Neuron

26
Q

Collection of cell bodies in CNS

A

Nuclei

27
Q

Collection of cell bodies in PNS

A

Ganglia

28
Q

Collection of axons in PNS

A

Nerve

29
Q

What causes the color of white matter?

A

Myelin sheath

30
Q

Which is outer in the brain? White or gray matter?

A

Gray matter

31
Q

Which is outer in the spinal cord? White or gray matter?

A

White matter

32
Q

What are the neural crest derivatives?

A

CADMASS

  1. Chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla (epinephrine and norepinephrine)
  2. Autonomic ganglion
  3. Dorsal root ganglion
  4. Melanocytes
  5. Arachnoid and Pia matter
  6. Sensory ganglia of cranial nerves
  7. Schwann cells
33
Q

True or false. Proliferation of cells at the cephalic end of the neural tube and differential growth causes the neural tube to dilate and form three primary vesicles, which later become 5 secondary vesicles.

A

True

34
Q

When is the formation of the 3 primary vesicles?

A

4th week (28 days)

35
Q

When is the formation of the 5 secondary vesicles?

A

5th week (35 days)

36
Q

Prosencephalon gives rise to:

A

Telencephalon and Diencephalon

37
Q

Mesencephalon gives rise to:

A

Retains as mesencephalon

38
Q

Rhombencephalon gives rise to:

A

Metencephalon and Myelencephalon

39
Q

Adult fate of the telencephalon:

A

Cerebrum

40
Q

Adult fate of diencephalon:

A

Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Epithalamus

41
Q

Adult fate of mesencephalon:

A

Midbrain

42
Q

Adult fate of metencephalon:

A

Pons, Cerebellum

43
Q

Adult fate of myelencephalon:

A

Medulla

44
Q

What structure specifically develops from rhombencephalon lips?

A

Cerebellum

45
Q

First flexure to form. It divides prosencephalon from mesencephalon.

A

Cephalic flexure

46
Q

Separates medulla and pons in the rhombencephalon.

A

Pontine flexure

47
Q

Separates brainstem from spinal cord during early development

A

Cervical flexure

48
Q

True or false. Flexures are formed in order to accommodate the developing brain in the limited space.

A

True

49
Q

2 flexures already present when there are only 3 vesicles:

A

Cervical and cephalic flexure

50
Q

Flexure that only occurs when there are already 5 vesicles

A

Pontine flexure

51
Q

Why are thalamic structures found deep within the cerebral cortex?

A

Because the telencephalon expands via cell proliferation and covers the diencephalon.

OS 202 (4 decks)

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