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HSR > Embryology of repro > Flashcards

Embryology of repro Flashcards

1
Q

mesonephric ducts

A

form cranially to caudally then fuse with developing bladder

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2
Q

pronephros

A

first kidney

develop in cervcial region and then regress

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3
Q

mesonephros

A

middle kidne

develops in thoracic to lumbar region

functions

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4
Q

metanephros

A

third and definitive kidney

metanephric blastema becomes excretory part

buds off mesonephric duct

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5
Q

collecting system of kidney

A

formed from ureteric bud – from mesonephric duct

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6
Q

primordial germ cells

A

form the gonadal ridge by migrating from yolk sac into intermediate mesoderm medial to mesonephros

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7
Q

paramesonephric ducts

A

form lateral to mesonephric ducts

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8
Q

primitive/primary sex cords

A

formed by epithelium of gonadal ridge

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9
Q

indifferent stage

A

week 6

undifferentiated gonads

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10
Q

mesonephric ducts

A

wolffian ducts

differentiate into epididymis, ductus deferens, and seminal vesicles

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11
Q

paramesonephric ducts

A

mullerian

develop into uterus, uterine tubes, and upper vagina

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12
Q

female development

A

anti testes

XX produces anti-testes factor –Wnt 4

maintains oocytes through fig alpha

support cells form follicle cells

paramesonephric ducts persist

mesonephric ducts and tubules regress because no testosterone

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13
Q

male development

A

SRY gene produces TDF

support cells turn into sertoli cells

anti mullerian hormone cause paramesonephric duct to degenerate

mesenchymal cells in gonadal ridge differentiate into leydig cells

testosterone causes male development of epididiymis,, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, penis scrotum

surge at puberty causes maturation of semineferous tubules, spermatogenesis and other puberty changes

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14
Q

male structures

A

primitive sex cord – testis cord

hilum – rete testis

mesonephric tubules – efferent ducts

mesonephric duct – epididymis, ductus deferens, seminal vesicle

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15
Q

female structures

A

primitive sex cord – somatic support cells – follical cells

follicle cells surround the PGCs oogonia

paramesonephric ducts – uterine tube, uterus, upper vagina

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16
Q

prostate and bulbourethral glands

A

bud off the urethra

17
Q

seminal vesicles

A

bud off the mesonephric duct

18
Q

trigone

A

formed by the lower end of the mesonephric duct and bladder

results in the vas deferens wrapping over ureter after testes descend

19
Q

congenital bilateral aplasia of ductus deferens

A

can occur in CF

20
Q

uterus and upper vagina

A

form when caudal end of paramesonephric ducts fuse

21
Q

uterine tubes

A

remaining unfused paramesonephric ducts

22
Q

lower vagina

A

formes from sinovaginal bulbs (proliferation of endodermal tissue on the posterior wasll of urogenital sinus)

23
Q

diethylstibestrol

A

synthetic estrogen used to prevent miscarriage

resulted in higher risk of uterine abnormalities

problems with the development of paramesonephric ducts

24
Q

external genitalia at indifferent stage

A

genital tubercle

urogenital folds

labioscrotal swellings

anal folds

25
Q

external genitalia development in female

A

genital tubercle becomes clitoris

urogenital folds form labia minora

labioscrotal swellings form labia majora

26
Q

external genitalia development in males

A

urogenital folds fuse and genital tubercle elongates to become shaft and glans of the penis

urogenital fold fusion forms penile urethra

distal urethra forms form canalization of urethral endoderm extending into glans

labioscratal swellings fuse to form scrotum

27
Q

hypospadias

A

when urethral folds don’t fuse completely

28
Q

epispadis

A

when urethral orifice opens into the dorsal surface of the penis

usually seen with exstrophy of the bladder due to defect in ventral abdominal wall

29
Q

gubernaculum

A

attaches to caudal end of labiosacral swellings

30
Q

process vaginalis

A

outpatching of parietal peritoneum that pushes out in front of descending gonads

31
Q

tunica vaginalis

A

closed form of process vaginalis

32
Q

cryptorchidism

A

testis fails to descend

33
Q

testicular torsion

A

spermatic cord crimps testicular artery

34
Q

testicular hydrocele

A

fluid between parietal and visceral layers of tunic vaginalis

35
Q

indirect (congenital) hernia

A

protrusion of peritoneal contents through inguinal canal

lateral to epigastric vessels

36
Q

indirect inguinal hernias

A

incomplete closure or vaginalis

37
Q

direct inguinal hernia

A

pass through inguinal triangle

acquired weakness in abdominal wall

rarely herniate to scrotum

38
Q

descent of ovaries

A

gubernaculum becomes ligament of the ovary and round ligament of the uterus

round ligament transverses inguinal canal into labia majora

broad ligament forms when peritoneal folds covering the paramesonephric ducts fuse

suspensory ligament of the ovary contains ovarian vessels

HSR (5 decks)

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