Embryology of repro

Question 1

mesonephric ducts

Answer 1

form cranially to caudally then fuse with developing bladder

Question 2

pronephros

Answer 2

first kidney

develop in cervcial region and then regress

Question 3

mesonephros

Answer 3

middle kidne

develops in thoracic to lumbar region

functions

Question 4

metanephros

Answer 4

third and definitive kidney

metanephric blastema becomes excretory part

buds off mesonephric duct

Question 5

collecting system of kidney

Answer 5

formed from ureteric bud – from mesonephric duct

Question 6

primordial germ cells

Answer 6

form the gonadal ridge by migrating from yolk sac into intermediate mesoderm medial to mesonephros

Question 7

paramesonephric ducts

Answer 7

form lateral to mesonephric ducts

Question 8

primitive/primary sex cords

Answer 8

formed by epithelium of gonadal ridge

Question 9

indifferent stage

Answer 9

week 6

undifferentiated gonads

Question 10

mesonephric ducts

Answer 10

wolffian ducts

differentiate into epididymis, ductus deferens, and seminal vesicles

Question 11

paramesonephric ducts

Answer 11

mullerian

develop into uterus, uterine tubes, and upper vagina

Question 12

female development

Answer 12

anti testes

XX produces anti-testes factor –Wnt 4

maintains oocytes through fig alpha

support cells form follicle cells

paramesonephric ducts persist

mesonephric ducts and tubules regress because no testosterone

Question 13

male development

Answer 13

SRY gene produces TDF

support cells turn into sertoli cells

anti mullerian hormone cause paramesonephric duct to degenerate

mesenchymal cells in gonadal ridge differentiate into leydig cells

testosterone causes male development of epididiymis,, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, penis scrotum

surge at puberty causes maturation of semineferous tubules, spermatogenesis and other puberty changes

Question 14

male structures

Answer 14

primitive sex cord – testis cord

hilum – rete testis

mesonephric tubules – efferent ducts

mesonephric duct – epididymis, ductus deferens, seminal vesicle

Question 15

female structures

Answer 15

primitive sex cord – somatic support cells – follical cells

follicle cells surround the PGCs oogonia

paramesonephric ducts – uterine tube, uterus, upper vagina

Question 16

prostate and bulbourethral glands

Answer 16

bud off the urethra

Question 17

seminal vesicles

Answer 17

bud off the mesonephric duct

Question 18

trigone

Answer 18

formed by the lower end of the mesonephric duct and bladder

results in the vas deferens wrapping over ureter after testes descend

Question 19

congenital bilateral aplasia of ductus deferens

Answer 19

can occur in CF

Question 20

uterus and upper vagina

Answer 20

form when caudal end of paramesonephric ducts fuse

Question 21

uterine tubes

Answer 21

remaining unfused paramesonephric ducts

Question 22

lower vagina

Answer 22

formes from sinovaginal bulbs (proliferation of endodermal tissue on the posterior wasll of urogenital sinus)

Question 23

diethylstibestrol

Answer 23

synthetic estrogen used to prevent miscarriage

resulted in higher risk of uterine abnormalities

problems with the development of paramesonephric ducts

Question 24

external genitalia at indifferent stage

Answer 24

genital tubercle

urogenital folds

labioscrotal swellings

anal folds

Question 25

external genitalia development in female

Answer 25

genital tubercle becomes clitoris urogenital folds form labia minora labioscrotal swellings form labia majora

Question 26

external genitalia development in males

Answer 26

urogenital folds fuse and genital tubercle elongates to become shaft and glans of the penis urogenital fold fusion forms penile urethra distal urethra forms form canalization of urethral endoderm extending into glans labioscratal swellings fuse to form scrotum

Question 27

hypospadias

Answer 27

when urethral folds don't fuse completely

Question 28

epispadis

Answer 28

when urethral orifice opens into the dorsal surface of the penis usually seen with exstrophy of the bladder due to defect in ventral abdominal wall

Question 29

gubernaculum

Answer 29

attaches to caudal end of labiosacral swellings

Question 30

process vaginalis

Answer 30

outpatching of parietal peritoneum that pushes out in front of descending gonads

Question 31

tunica vaginalis

Answer 31

closed form of process vaginalis

Question 32

cryptorchidism

Answer 32

testis fails to descend

Question 33

testicular torsion

Answer 33

spermatic cord crimps testicular artery

Question 34

testicular hydrocele

Answer 34

fluid between parietal and visceral layers of tunic vaginalis

Question 35

indirect (congenital) hernia

Answer 35

protrusion of peritoneal contents through inguinal canal lateral to epigastric vessels

Question 36

indirect inguinal hernias

Answer 36

incomplete closure or vaginalis

Question 37

direct inguinal hernia

Answer 37

pass through inguinal triangle acquired weakness in abdominal wall rarely herniate to scrotum

Question 38

descent of ovaries

Answer 38

gubernaculum becomes ligament of the ovary and round ligament of the uterus round ligament transverses inguinal canal into labia majora broad ligament forms when peritoneal folds covering the paramesonephric ducts fuse suspensory ligament of the ovary contains ovarian vessels