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HSR > Anatomy of the repro system > Flashcards

Anatomy of the repro system Flashcards

1
Q

Bony pelvis

A

right and left pelvic bones
fusion of the ilium, ischium, and pubis
sacrum
coccyx

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2
Q

pelvic inlet

A

circular opening where the abdominal cavity is continuous with pelvic cavity

sacral promontory protrudes into this opening

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3
Q

pelvic outlet

A

diamond shaped

bound by pubic symphysis, pubic arches, inferior pubic rami, ishcial rami, sacrotuberous ligament and coccyx

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4
Q

sciatic notch

A

between posterior inferior iliac spine and ischial spine

greater sciatic foramen is created by sacrospinous ligament

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5
Q

Female pelvis

A

Pelvic inlet: wide, oval

Sacrum: short, straight

Coccyx: straighter

Sciatic notch: wide

Subpubic angle: broad and round

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6
Q

male pelvis

A

Pelvic inlet: narrow, heart shaped

Sacrum: long, prominent

Coccyx: curves ventrally

Sciatic notch: narrow

Subpubic angle: deep, acute

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7
Q

pelvic diaphragm

A

levator ani and coccygeous

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8
Q

coccygeus

A

deep to sacrospinous ligament

pulls coccyx forward after defecation

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9
Q

levator ani

A

made up of: iliococcygeous, pubococcygeous

contract when abdominal pressure is raised to support pelvic organs

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10
Q

pubococcygeous

A

part of levator ani

helps maintain urinary and fecal continence

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11
Q

puborectalis

A

relaxes and contracts the anorectal angle to control defecation

aids in voluntary control of micturition

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12
Q

Four regions of uterus

A

fundus: connects uterine tubes

body

isthmus

cervix

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13
Q

anteverted/anteflexed

A

normal position of utuerus

oriented anteriorly towards the bladder

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14
Q

flexion

A

angle between uterine body and isthmus

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15
Q

version

A

angle between cervical canal and vagina

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16
Q

retroverted/retroflexed

A

anatomical variation

uterus is oriented posteriorly towards the rectum

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17
Q

broad ligament

A

peritoneum that drapes of the uterus

double layer (mesentery)

three parts:
mesometrium: uterus
Mesovarium: ovary
mesosalpinx: uterine tube

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18
Q

suspensory ligament of the ovary

A

ovarian vessels travel from aorta to ovary

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19
Q

ovarian ligament

A

attaches inferomedial pole of ovary to uterus

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20
Q

round ligament of the uterus

A

continuous with ovarian ligament and travels from uterus laterally to enter the deep inguinal ring

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21
Q

vesicouterine pouch

A

between bladder and uterus

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22
Q

rectouterine pouch

A

between uterus and rectum

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23
Q

pubovesical ligaments

A

from pubic bones to bladder

damage can lead to incontinence or bladder prolapse

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24
Q

transverse cervical ligaments

A

“cardinal ligaments”
from uterus to lateral pelvic wall

damage can lead to uterine prolapse

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25
Q

uterosacral ligaments

A

from uterus to sacrum

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26
Q

testes

A

descend into scrotum during development

attached to seminal vesicle via the vas deferens

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27
Q

vas deferens

A

passes in the spermatic cord, ascends into scrotum, passes through inguinal canal, then courses retroperitoneally to joint the duct of the seminal vesicles (ejaculatory ducts)

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28
Q

ejaculation ducts

A

embedded in prostate

29
Q

path of semen in ejaculation

A 
seminiferous tubules in testis
epdidymis
vas deferens
ejaculatory duct 
urethra
tip of penis
30
Q

tunica vaginalis

A

pouch of peritoneum

attaches to anterior and lateral aspect of the testes

visceral and parietal layer

31
Q

descent of testis forms

A

inguinal canal and spermatic cord

covered by abdominal wall layers

32
Q

layers of abdominal wall that cover descent of testis

A

external spermatic fascia: External oblique aponeurosis

cremasteric fascia/muscle: internal oblique aponeurosis

internal spermatic fascia: transversalis fascia

33
Q

spermatic cord

A

contains:
ilioinguinal nerve

genital branch of genitofemoral nerve

testicular artery

pampinoform plexus

lymphatics

vas deferens

34
Q

inguinal canal

A

oblique passageway through abdominal wall

begins at deep inguinal ring

passes under transverse abdominal and internal oblique

ends at superficial inguinal ring

35
Q

deep inguinal ring

A

opening in the transversalis fascia

36
Q

superficial inguinal ring

A

opening in aponeurosis of external oblique

male: contains spermatic cord
female: contains round ligament of the uterus

37
Q

indirect hernia

A

in the inguinal canal, into the deep inguinal ring

lateral to epigastric vessels

38
Q

direct hernia

A

directly through abdominal wall

medial to inferior epigastric vessels

lateral to the rectus abdominus

superior to inguinal ligament

called inguinal/Hasselbach’s triangle

39
Q

internal iliac branches common to males and females

A

iliolumbar

lateral sacral

superior gluteal

inferior gluteal

internal pudendal – inferior rectal branch

umbilical – superior vesicle arteries to the bladder

obturator

middle rectal

40
Q

special female arteries

A

uterine and vaginal

41
Q

special male arteries

A

vas deferns that comes off the umbilical artery

42
Q

internal iliac artery lymph

A

internal iliac nodes

then common iliac nodes

then lateral aortic nodes

43
Q

superficial and deep inguinal nodes

A

receive lymph from perineum and lower limb and drain to external iliac nodes (then common and lateral aortic nodes)

44
Q

lateral aortic nodes

A

receive lymph from direct aortic arteries

drain the the cisterna chyli and thoracic duct

45
Q

sympathetic innervation

A

Preganglion: T10-T12 (lesser and least splanchnic), L1-L2 (lumbar splanchnic)

ganglion: pelvic

Postganglionic: hypogastric plexus

Actions

  • vasoconstriction
  • relaxation of bladder smooth muscle
  • contraction of internal urethral and anal sphincter
  • contraction of smooth muscle of reproductive tract
  • ejaculation
46
Q

parasympathetic innervation

A

Preganglionic: S2-S4

Ganglia: located in wall of organ

postganglionic: hypogastric plexus

actions

  • vasodilation
  • contraction of bladder smooth muscle
  • relaxation of internal anal sphincter
  • modulates activity of enteric nerves to increase peristalsis of distal colon and rectum
  • erection
47
Q

visceral afferents from intraperitoneal pelvic viscera

A

travel via hypogastric nerves to aortic plexus and lumbar splanchnic nerves (sympathetics)

cause uterine contractions

48
Q

visceral afferents from subperitoneal pelvic viscera

A

travel via pelvic splanchnic nerves S2-4 (parasympathetics)

afferent fibers from lower vagina and perineum travel via pudendal nerves S2-4

cause cervical dilation and upper vagina dilation

49
Q

micturition reflex

A

Filling phase and voiding phase

50
Q

detrusor muscle

A

smooth muscle that makes up the bladder

51
Q

internal urethral sphincter

A

smooth muscle at pelvic floor

52
Q

external urethral sphincter

A

voluntary striated muscle

53
Q

filling phase in bladder

A

sympathetic nervous system

relaxation of detrusor muscles

contraction of internal urethral sphincter

54
Q

signals when voiding is inappropriate

A

efferent impulses inhibit parasympathetic neurons in sacral spinal cord

continue to stimulate contraction of external sphincter via the pudendal nerve

55
Q

signals when voiding is appropriate

A
  • afferents of pelvic splanchnic nerves stimulate para to contract detrusor
  • visceral afferents stimulate ascending pathways to brain that result in conscious desire to urinate
  • descending impulses decrease sympathetic output
  • descending signals stimulate para to contract detrusor
  • descending signals inhibit pudendal nerve to allow for voluntary relaxation of external sphincter
56
Q

perineum

A

diamond shaped area below the pelvic floor and between the thighs

divided into two triangles by drawing a line between ishcial tuberosities

  • urogenital triangle
  • anal triangle
57
Q

pudendal nerve

A

S2-4

58
Q

deep perineal pough

A

division of urogenital triangle

between pelvic diaphragm and perineal membrane

contains part of urethra and external sphincter

in males: contains bulbourehtral glands

in females: contains part of the vagina, compressor urethrae, adn sphincter urethrovaginalis

59
Q

perineal membrane

A

-touch fascia that provides attachment for external genitalia and helps support pelvic organs

60
Q

superficial perineal pouch

A

between perineal membrane and perineal fascia

contains external genitalia

61
Q

perineal body

A

connective tissue (central tendon) into which pelvic floor and perineal muscles attach

midline of the perineum

62
Q

male erectile tissue

A

corpora cavernosa

corpus spongiosum

63
Q

female erectile tissue

A

vestibular bulbs (deep to labia majora, separated by vaginal opening)

crura of the clitoris –> join to form body and glans of clitoris

64
Q

bulbospongiosum

A

covers proximal end of corpus spongiosum (bulb of penis)

covers vestibular bulbs in females

65
Q

ischiocavernosum

A

covers proximal end of corpora cavernosa (crus of the penis)

covers crus of clitoris in female

lies along pubic rami

66
Q

superficial transverse perineal muscles

A

runs on posterior border of urogenital triangle

67
Q

parasympathetics in sex

A

S2-4 pelvic splanchnic

erection by vasodilation

crimps veins so there is no drainage of blood

68
Q

sympathetics in sex

A

orgasm/ejaculation

contract smooth muscle of epidymal ducts, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate

HSR (5 decks)

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