Embryology of CNS

Question 1

Three major embryological features that arise from the ectoderm

Answer 1

Surface ectoderm, neural tube, neural crest cells

Question 2

Adult derivatives of surface ectoderm

Answer 2

Anterior pituitary, lens, cornea

Question 3

Adult derivatives of neural tube

Answer 3

Posterior pituitary, retina, optic nerve, brain, spinal cord

Question 4

Adult derivatives of neural crest cells

Answer 4

Adrenal medulla, autonomic and sensory nerves

Question 5

Adult derivatives of endoderm

Answer 5

GI tract, liver, lungs

Question 6

Adult derivatives of Mesoderm

Answer 6

Urogenital system, CV system, muscles and bone

Question 7

Which week of fetal life does the CNS develop?

Answer 7

Week 3

Question 8

Which embryonic structure secrete Sonic Hedgehog protein?

Answer 8

Neural tube

Question 9

Which embryonic structure communicates with the amniotic cavity?

Answer 9

Neuropores (formed from neural tube)

Question 10

Which day does the cranial neuropore close and at which somite stage?

Answer 10

Day 25 at 18-20 somite stage

Question 11

Which day does the caudal neuropore close?

Answer 11

Day 28

Question 12

Primary brain vesicles

Answer 12

Forebrain
(Prosencephalon),
Midbrain (Mesencephalon),
Hindbrain (Rhombencephalon)

Question 13

Secondary brain vesicles

Answer 13

Telencephalon
Diencephalon 
Mesencephalon 
Metencephalon 
Myelencephalon

Question 14

Constituents of the Prosencephalon

Answer 14

Telencephalon and Diencephalon

Question 15

Adult derivatives of Telencephalon

Answer 15

cerebral hemispheres and most of basal ganglia

Question 16

Adult derivatives of Diencephalon

Answer 16

thalamus, hypothalamus, subthalamus, epithalamus, retina and optic nerve

Question 17

Constituents of the Rhombencephalon

Answer 17

Metencephalon and Myelencephalon

Question 18

Adult derivatives of Metencephalon

Answer 18

Pons and cerebellum

Question 19

Adult derivatives of Myelencephalon

Answer 19

Medulla

Question 20

Brain vesicle cavities and their corresponding ventricles

Answer 20

The cavity of Rhombencephalon is fourth ventricle
The cavity of diencephalon is third ventricle
The cavities of telencephalon are lateral ventricles

Question 21

Three layers of the spinal cord

Answer 21

Neuroepithelial
Mantle
Marginal

Question 22

Neuroblast cells arise from which layer of the spinal cord

Answer 22

neuroepithelial layer

Question 23

The gray mater of spinal cord is formed from which layer?

Answer 23

Mantle layer

Question 24

Form the motor area of the CNS

Answer 24

Basal/Ventral plate

Question 25

Forms the sensory area of the CNS

Answer 25

Alar/Dorsal plate

Question 26

When is myelination of neurons completed?

Answer 26

After first year

Question 27

Specific CNS derivatives from neural crest cells

Answer 27

``` Dorsal root sensory nerve Sympathetic neuroblast cells Schwann cells Odontoblast cells Leptomeninges Mesenchyme of pharyngeal arches ```

Question 28

Myelinate perriphera nerves

Answer 28

Schwaan cells

Question 29

Myelinate CNS nerves

Answer 29

Oligodendrocytes

Question 30

Which part of the nervous system is developed from the neural tube?

Answer 30

CNS : brain and spinal cord

Question 31

Which embryological derivative do neurons grow out of?

Answer 31

Neural crest cells

Question 32

Which embryological derivative do axons grow out of?

Answer 32

Neural tube