Embryology Neuro - Acht

Question 1

The neural tube will become?

Answer 1

The brain and the spinal cord

Question 2

The neural crest will become the?

Answer 2

Peripheral nervous system and many non-neural derivatives

Question 3

What will eventually become the ventricular system in the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord?

Answer 3

The neural canal

Question 4

When do the neurpepithelial cells fo the neural tube differentiate?

Answer 4

Basically right when the neural tube closes

Question 5

What do the cell layers of the neural tube become?

Answer 5

cellular areas become gray matter

marginal zone - white matter

Question 6

What sulcus divides the neural tube in half?

Answer 6

The sulcus limitans

Question 7

What does the sulcus limitans divide the neural tube into?

Answer 7

The alar plate - will become 2ndary sensory neurons
AND
The basal plate - motor neuronrs

Question 8

The intermediate area of the neural tube is located between what two areas?

Answer 8

Between the alar and basal plates
Will become the intermediate horn

Where cell bodies of sympathetic neurons originate

Question 9

Positive Babinski response tells you:

Answer 9

This primitive reflex that is normally suppresssed after the age of 2 is no longer being suppressed. This indicated a serious CNS problem.

Question 10

Spinal cord length in adults vs newborns?

Answer 10

Adults - stops at L1/L2

Newborns - stops at L2/L3

Question 11

first 4 somites very important for?

Answer 11

Brain development

Question 12

What are the two seoncary vesicles come from the hindbrain?

Answer 12

The metencephalon
and
The myelencephalon

Question 13

What are the terminal structures of the metencephalon?

Answer 13

Pons

cerebellum

Question 14

Terminal structures of the myelencephalon?

Answer 14

Medulla

Question 15

What separates anterior and posterior lobes of cerebeellum?

Answer 15

primary fissure

Question 16

What is the oldest part, phylogenetically of the cerebellum?

Answer 16

Flocculonodular node
OR
vestibulocerebellum

Question 17

What is the cause of Waardenburg syndrome?

Answer 17

neural crest cells fail to differentiate properly

See unusually white-colored eyes (melanocytes), white patches of hair (melanocytes), pale skin, deafness (melanocytes), chronic constipation (autonomic ganglia in gut), or others

Question 18

Difference between
spina bifida oculta
meningocele
myelomenigocele

Answer 18

spina bifida oculta - can’t really tell from outside that the spinal column is not completely closed
meningocele - part of the meniges and CSF protrudes out the back
myelomenigocele - part of th eneinges and CSF protrudes under the skin out the back of the spine, the cauda equina is also in the bulge

Question 19

What is holoprosencephaly?

Answer 19

Forebrain does NOT divide into two hemispheres

Question 20

Dandy-Walker Malformation

Answer 20

Partial or complete absence of cerebellar vermis, creates hydrocephaly

Question 21

PRoblems that occur with fetal alcohol syndrome?

Answer 21

smaller, malformed, can lack corpus callosum

Question 22

What is the cause of Arnold Chiari malformation?

Answer 22

Problems range from most asymptmatic lowering of cerebellum, to herniation through into the foramen magnum, to a complete lack of cerebellar development

Question 23

What happens if the neuropores do not close?

Answer 23

Will create ossification defects in the skull and vertebral column

Will cause SEVERE brain/spinal cord abnormalities

Question 24

What is Hirschsprung Disease?

Answer 24

AKA - congenital megacolon

Caused failure of neural crest cells to migrate into the colon

Consequently, the parasympathetic ganglia do not form and normal peristalsis does not occur.

Fecal retention and ballooning of the colon and abdomen causes big issues

Question 25

What is anencephaly/meroanencephaly?

Answer 25

anencephaly - no brain

Meroanencephaly - only remnants of the brain form, like brain stem

Question 26

Where do the neural crest cells come from?

What do they become?

Answer 26

Origin: neuroectomdermal cells that lie dorsal and lateral to the neural tube. Migrate to many places in the developing embryo

Destiny: Form the peripheral nervous system
AND arachnoid/pia mater, connective tissues of arota, melanocytes, etc etc etc lots more

Question 27

What fissure separates the anterior cerebellar lobe from the posterior cerebellar lobe?

Answer 27

the primary fissure