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NBDHE > Embryology & Histology > Flashcards

Embryology & Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Pinocytosis?

A

Process of taking liquids into a cell.

Drinking in.

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2
Q

What part of the cell is responsible for keeping the cytoplasm & organelles within the cell while allowing for molecules or substances to pass in and out of the cell?

A

The cell membrane.

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3
Q

Which embryonic germ layer does the epithelium come from?

A

Comes from all 3 layers.

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4
Q

What is the period of the fetus?

A

9–36th weeks of gestation. (Period of ovum-fertilization to 2 weeks gestation. Embryo—3-8weeks of gestation.)

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5
Q

From what process is the upper lip formed ?

A

Medial nasal process & maxillary process.

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6
Q

During what weeks of gestation are the hard and soft palate formed ?

A

6.5 —11 weeks.

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7
Q

During what weeks of gestation can a cleft lip from?

A

3.5—-6 weeks.

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8
Q

Which of the following is not true about cell membranes?

A

All true.

True —-Keep out, water in, merocrine secretion.

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9
Q

What cellular structure is responsible for cell energy?

A

Mitochondria

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10
Q

Rough ER contain granule of what ?

A

Ribosomes.

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11
Q

Which of the four layers form the ameloblasts?

A

Inner enamel epithelium.

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12
Q

If sufficient numbers or crystals are not laid down in the matrix or if the crystals so not grow sufficiently ?

A

Hypocalcified enamel results. Teeth are soft.

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13
Q

The protective cuticle layer over the enamel called the ______ or ________ is often stained green or yellow but can not be removed by polishing.

A

Primary enamel cuticle or Nasmyth’s membrane.

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14
Q

Space/ cracks between enamel rods are called _________ and are most often caused by trauma.

A

Enamel lamellae.

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15
Q

Which of the three types of dentin forms in response to trauma?

A

Reparative dentin.

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16
Q

What is the 1st sign of tooth development and when is it seen?

A

Dental lamina. 6 th embryonic week.

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17
Q

During what weeks of gestation can a cleft palate from?

A

6.5 —11 WEEKS.

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18
Q

The enamel organ comes from what germ layer?

A

Ectoderm.

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19
Q

What are the four layers of enamel organ as seen in the bell stage and what is their function?

A

Outer enamel epithelium —-protects and later aids in nourishment.
Inner enamel epithelium ——forms ameloblasts which form enamel.
Stellate reticulum———protection and nourishment.
Stratum intermedium——nourishment of ameloblasts from enamel epithelium also produce protein for possible use by ameloblasts & receives secretions from ameloblasts.

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20
Q

Whic enamel layer protect and nourishment all the way?

A

Stellate reticulum.

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21
Q

Which of the four layers acts to protect & aid later in nourishment?

A

Outer enamel epithelium.

22
Q

Which of the four layers nourishes the ameloblasts?

A

Stratum intermedium.

23
Q

What is the storage from of cellular energy?

A

Glycogen

24
Q

Where are goblet cells found?

A

The respiratory tract.

25
Q

What type epithelium lines the oral cavity?

A

Stratified squamous.

26
Q

What structure functions as a cushioning substance?

A

Fibrocartilage.

27
Q

The embryonic stage is from ———weeks?

A

3-8 weeks.

28
Q

The foregut is located between the ?

A

Throat region and duodenum.

29
Q

What it’s the first sign of tooth development and when does it occur?

A

Dental lamina.

6th embryonic week.

30
Q

Dead tract.

A

Dead tracts are empty dentin tubules that are caused by the death of the odontoblasts that originally occupied them.

31
Q

True/ false. Pulp stones have very little effects on health of the pulp, although they may cause some problems in endodontics.

A

Both are true.

32
Q

Which of the following is NOT true of the dental lamina?

A

NOT true. It is a thickening of embryonic oral epithelium.

33
Q

The dental sac consist of several rows of flat cells; they surround part of the enamel organ.

A

Both are true.

34
Q

The dental papilla begins to differentiate into a more localized group of cells in the ?

A

Late bud stage.

35
Q

Which of the following are not related to the preeruptive stage of tooth movement?

A

Answer: beginning root development.

Relate to the preeruptive stage—-off center crown growth/ crown movement in the bony crypt.

36
Q

Which of these statements is NOT true about the eruptive stage of tooth eruption?

A

The teeth break into the oral cavity by reassuring the epithelium .

37
Q

The dental sac (or dental follicle) plays a role in forming al of the following ?

A

Cementum. Periodontal ligament. Alveolar bone.

NOT enamel.

38
Q

Supraeruption is

A

The eruption of a tooth above the occlusal plane because of loss of opposing toot or malalignment.

39
Q

What is ankylosis?

A

The fusion of alveolar bone with cementum in the region of the cervical line, many cause retained primary teeth, treated by breaking the fusion & extracting the tooth.

40
Q

Which of the following best describes stage III of passive eruption?

A

The attachment epithelium is on the CEJ & the cementum.

41
Q

The turnover Tate of the attachment epithelium at the base of the gingival sulcus is about _______days?

A

3-5 days.

42
Q

Which of the following is not a general sign of inflammation?

A

Whiteness.

43
Q

Sebaceous glands are found on the?

A

Buccal mucosa.

44
Q

Stippling is a characteristic of ?

A

The attached gingiva.

45
Q

Which of the following is part of the embryonic organ of anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A

Tuberculin inpar . Lateral lingual swellings.

46
Q

Which of the following cranial nerves does not have a general sensory supply to the epithelium of the tongue?

A

VII. Facial nerve.

47
Q

Which of the following muscles would NOT be functioning if it was impossible to pull the sides of the tongue downwards?

A

Answer: NONE of the above.

48
Q

Which of the these muscles could help pull the base of the tongue back and up?

A

Palatoglossus & styloglossus.

49
Q

The inability to protrude the tongue basically results from the loss of which muscle?

A

Genioglossus

50
Q

During the eruptive stage the primary dentition erupts in an occlusal and facial position. The permanent dentition erupts in an occlusal and lingual position.

A

First is true . The second is false.

NBDHE (4 decks)

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