Clinic II Final Flashcards
Abutment
A tooth or an implant used for the support or retention of a fixed or removable prosthesis.
Denture
Artificial substitute for missing teeth and adjacent tissue.
Obturator
A prosthesis used to close a congenital or acquired opening , such as for a cleft palate, and area lost.
Pontic
An artificial tooth on a partial denture that replaces a missing tooth, restores its function, and usually occupies the space previously filled by the natural crown.
Prosthesis
Artificial replacement of an absent part of the body, may be a therapeutic device to improve or alter function, may be a device employed to aid in accomplishing a desired surgical result.
Occlusal vertical dimension
The distance measured between 2 points when the occluding members are in contact.
Denture stomatitis
An inflammation of the oral mucosa that bears a complete or partial removable dental prosthesis, typically a denture.
Implant thread
Endogenous implants with threads resembling a screw
Alloplast
An inert foreign body used for implantation within tissue. Synthetic.
Augment
To make greater, more numerous , larger, or more tense.
Fibrous encapsulation
Layer of fiber opus connective tissue between the implant and the surrounding bone . Also called fibrous integration. Indicative of failed osseointegration.
Osseointegration
The direct attachment or connection of osseous tissue to an inert alloplastic material without in intervening connective tissue.
Suppuration
Formation or discharge of pus
Provisional prosthesis or tooth crown
Temporary or preliminary appliance or tooth used during healing or osseointegration for purposes of stability or appearance.
Occlusal overload
Masticated force applied to an implant exceeding capacity of the bone implant interface or implant component to withstand it. Overload can compromise the integrity of an implant because no periodontal ligament is present to absorb the forces.
Adaptation
Relationship between the working end of and instrument and the tooth surface being worked on
Angulation
The angle formed by the working end of and instrument with surface to which the instrument is applied for treatment .
Area-specific curet
Specialized instrument designed with specific angles in the shank for adaptation to a certain group of tooth surfaces.
Universal curet
Curet designed for use on any tooth surface where the adaptation, angulation, and other principles of instrumentation can be correctly and effectively accomplished.
Finger rest
For an intramural rest, the place on a tooth or teeth where the third or ring finger holding the instrument is placed to provide stabilization and control during activation of the instrument.
Fulcrum
The support upon which a lever rests while force intended to produce motion is exerted.
Blade
Working end of an instrument with special design for a particular clinical treatment.
Lateral pressure
The minimal pressure that is required of an instrument against the tooth to accomplish the objective of the assessment or treatment.
Scaler
Instrument designed for initial removal of calculus, prior to finishing with a curet.
Scaling
Instrumentation of a tooth surface to remove calculus and biofilm.
Shank
The part of the instrument between the handle and the working end
Arkansas stone
Fine-grained sharpening stone quarried from natural mineral deposits.
Burnish
To smooth and polish, an effect that can result when a dull scaler or curet is passed over tenacious calculus in an attempt to remove the deposit.
Cutting edge
The fine line formed where the race and lateral surfaces of a scaler or curet meet when the instrument is sharp, when the instrument is dull, the line has thickness and may even reflect light.
Hone. (Noun)
A sharpening stone.
Honing (verb)
Sharpening
Sharpness
When a scaler or curet is sharp, the cutting edge is a fine line that does not reflect light
Testing stick
Plastic 1/4 -inch rod, 3 inches long, used to test the sharpness of a scaler or curet.
Antibiotic
A form of anti microbial agent produced by or obtained from microorganisms that can kill other microorganisms or inhibit their growth, may be specific for certain organisms or may cover a broad spectrum.
Antimicrobial therapy
Use of specific chemical or pharmaceutical agents for the control or destruction of microorganisms, either systemically or at specific sites.
Bacteremia
Presence of bacteria in the blood
Cannula
Tubular instrument placed in a cavity to introduce or withdraw fluid
Endoscopy
A minimally invasive diagnostic procedure used in medicine to examine inaccessible tissues by inserting a fiber-optic tube into the body.
Endogenous infection
Caused by microorganisms that are part of the normal microbiota of the skin, nose, mouth, and intestinal and urogenital (relating to, or being the organs of excretion)tracts.
Exogenous infection
Caused by microorganisms acquired from outside the oral cavity or the host.
Opportunistic infection
Occurs in a systemically or locally impaired host, opportunistic pathogens may not highly virulent, but they can cause diseases when the host defense is altered.
Refractory
Not responding to usual treatment
Malaise
Feeling of general indisposition, uneasiness, discomfort, may be early indication of illness.
Acute
Sudden onset, runs a relatively short course, produces pain and local inflammation.
Chronic
Long term, slow development with little evidence of inflammation, usually an intermittent pus discharge, many follow an acute abscess.
Periapical
At or around the apex of the tooth
Pericoronitis
Gingival inflammation around the crown of an incompletely/partially erupted tooth , most frequently occurs about a mandibular third molar.
Pseudomenbrane
False membrane, false layer of tissue covering a surface.
Sequestra
Small bone spicules working to the surface after surgery.
Singular—sequestrum.
Ulceration
Formation or development of an ulcer with loss of epithelial surface and sloughing of necrotic inflammatory tissue.
Vesiculation
Formation or presence of vesicles, small fluid filled blister like elevations on the skin or mucosa.
Abfraction
Wedge or V-shaped cervical lesion created by the stresses of lateral or eccentric tooth movements during occlusal function, brushing, or parafunctional activity resulting in enamel microfractures.
Burnishing
Repeated rubbing of a tooth surface with a toothpick or wooden stick.
Smear layer
Has been referred to as grinding debris from instrumentation or other devices applied to the tooth , consists of microcrystalline particles of cementum, dentin, tissue, and cellular debris, serves to plug tubule orifices.
Tertiary dentin/ reparative dentin
Type of dentin formed along the pupal was or root canal as a protective mechanism in response to trauma or irritation,such as caries or a traumatic cavity preparation .
Secondary dentin
Dentin that is secreted slowly over time after root formation to “wall off “the pulp from fluid flow within dentinal tubules following a stimulus, results in narrower pulp chamber and root canals.
Dentin hypersensitivity
Transient pain arising from exposed dentin, typically in response to a stimulus, which cannot be explained as arising from any other form of dental defect or pathology and subsides quickly when stimulus is removed.
Tribiology
The study and application of the principle of friction, lubrication, and wear as they apply to polishing.
PSI
Pounds per square inch
Slurry
Thin,semi-fluid suspension of a solid in a liquid.
Grit
Particle size
Polishing
The production, especially by friction, of a smooth, glossy, mirror like surface that reflects light, a very fine agent is used for polishing after a coarser agent is used for cleaning.
Abrasion
Wearing away of surface material by friction
Abrasive
A material composed of particles of sufficient hardness and sharpness to cut or scratch a softer material when drawn across its surface,available in various particle sizes.
Glycerin
Clear, colorless, syrupy fluid used as a vehicle and sweetening agent for drugs and as a solvent and vehicle for abrasive agents.
Formative evaluation
Ongoing evaluation to monitor each step int he dental hygiene process of care, ongoing feedback that determines any needed changes in the dental hygiene care plan prior to the completion of a treatment sequence.
Summative evaluation
Formal , standardized of procedures conducted at the end of a treatment series, includes determination of periodontal maintenance interval and / or identification of further treatment needs.
Objectives
Measurable goals, the expected outcomes of clinical treatment, patient education, counseling, or oral hygiene instruction/ home care interventions identified in the patient care plan.
Indicators
Benchmark used to measure or test changes. In evaluation dental hygiene interventions indicators can be quantitative (probe depths or pI index) or qualitative (Pt satisfactory or ability to perform)
Compliance
Action in accordance with request, extent to which a person’s health behaviors coincide with dental/medical health advice. Also called adherence.
Consultation
The joint deliberation , usually for diagnostic purpose, between two or more practitioners or between a patient and a practitioner.
Continuing care
System of appointments for the long-term maintenance phase of patient care, the system is carried out by computer, telephone,and/or mail. Also called decade or maintenance.
Disease activity
Ongoing dynamic process that results in loss of clinical attachment and alveolar supporting bone, an area is quiescent (inactive, rest)when a diseased site becomes inactive or stable without treatment.
End points
Criteria for completion of a particular procedure, therapeutic end points generally have been reached when the clinical signs of the treated pathologic condition have been eliminated or reduced.
Risk factor
A characteristic, habit, or predisposing condition that makes and individual susceptible to, or in danger of acquiring , a certain disease or disability.
