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SPTH1103 > Embryology + Genetics > Flashcards

Embryology + Genetics Flashcards

1
Q

Function of somites in embryo

A

Give rise to bones and muscles

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2
Q

What is a totipotent zygote

A

initial cell has the capacity to develop into any kind of cell in the body

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3
Q

What is cleavage

A

Growth of the zygote via cell division

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4
Q

What is gastrulation

A

When the embryo which begins as a bilaminar disc becomes a trilaminer disc

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5
Q

What does Arch 1 give rise to

A

Arch 1 gives rise to the maxillary and
mandibular process

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6
Q

What are the 5 embryonic prominence

A

1 x Frontonasal
2 x Maxillary
2 x Mandibular

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7
Q

What is the stomodaeum

A

Primitive mouth

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8
Q

Three layers that make up each arch

A

Ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm

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9
Q

What is ossophocation

A

Cartilage becoming bone

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10
Q

Cranial nerve derived from PA1

A

V Trigeminal

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11
Q

Muscles derived from PA1

A

Muscles of mastication, including the mylohyoid & ant. belly of digastric, Tensor tympani
Tensor veli palatini

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12
Q

Muscles derived from PA2

A

Muscles of facial expression: Stapedius, stylohyoid, post. belly of diagastric

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13
Q

Cranial nerve derived from PA2

A

VII Facial nerve

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14
Q

Cranial nerve derived from PA3

A

IX Glosssopharyngeal

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15
Q

Muscles derived from PA3

A

Stylopharyngeus

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16
Q

Cranial nerve derived from PA4-6

A

X Vagus

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17
Q

Muscle derived from PA4-6

A

Cricothyroid, Levator veli palatine, Constrictors of pharynx, Intrinsic muscles of the larynx
larynx, palate and esophagus

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18
Q

Proliferation meaning

A

Cell division

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19
Q

What is the structure that will become the future eye of the baby

A

The optic vesicle

20
Q

What does the maxillary prominence develop from

A

Pharyngeal arch I

21
Q

What does the mandibular prominence develop from

A

PA1

22
Q

Development of the middle nose, upper lip and primary palate

A

Localised ectodermal thickenings become nasal placodes, ectomesenchyme proliferates and produces a ridge converting to nasal pits and medial and lateral nasal prominences, gives rise to middle of nose, upper lip and primary palate

23
Q

How do the lateral side of the nose and lips develop

A

At weeks 7-8 the lateral nasal processes fuses with the maxillary processes

24
Q

What formation makes the middle portion of the nose, the philtrum, upper portion of the upper lip and primary palate

A

Medial nasal process + frontonasal process

25
Q

How is the lower lip formed

A

Formation of the two mandibular processes

26
Q

Four steps of the formation of the tongue

A
  1. formation of lateral (distal) & medial swellings 2. distal swellings enlarge to become anterior 2/3 (facial nerve, chorda tympani branch) 3. arch 3 & 4 overgrow arch 2 to form posterior 1/3 (glossopharyngeal nerve) 4. arch 4 gives rise to epiglottis & CN X
27
Q

The developing tongue receives a contribution from branchial arches I to IV. Which arch contributes to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A

I

28
Q

The posterior 1/3 of the tongue is largely derived from which pharyngeal/ branchial arch?

A

III

29
Q

which developmental week post-fertilisation can branchial arches be seen?

A

Week 4

30
Q

Most of the mesenchyme is derived from which embryonic structure?

A

Neural crest cells

31
Q

What is mesenchyme

A

Type of embryological tissue derived from neural crest cells

32
Q

The epiglottis is derived from which branchial arch?

A

PA

33
Q

Which of the branchial arches gives rise to the cartilages of the larynx?

A

PA4-6

34
Q

which arch do CARTILAGES
Thyroid Cricoid Artenoid Corniculate Cuneform

A

PA4-6

35
Q

Which arch does the inferior hyoid bone develop from

A

PA3

36
Q

Where is the styloid process and what arch does it develop from

A

Pokey bit behind TMJ joint, develops from PA2

37
Q

Where are the malleus and incus located and what arch do they develop from

A

Ossicles of the middle ear, develop from PA1

38
Q

Where is the stapes located and what pharyngeal arch does it develop from

A

Middle ear, develops from PA2

39
Q

Which arch does the superior part of the hyoid bone develop from

A

PA2

40
Q

Where is the palatine bone and which arch does it develop from

A

Posterior section of the palate in the skull, develops from PA1

41
Q

Where is the vomer bone located and which arch does it derive from

A

Bone above palate that is visible on skeleton as a thin line in the nose, derived from PA1

42
Q

Development of the face (6 steps)

A
  1. Facial prominences appear
  2. Frontonasal prom. form upper margin of stomodeum
  3. Nasal placodes form nasal pits and prominence
  4. Maxillary prominence grows medially and nasal prominence merges to midline to form upper lip
  5. Mandible prom. merge to midline to form midline
  6. Face develops to adult form
43
Q

What makes up the primary palate

A

Premaxillary segment of the maxilla, which contains the four incisor teeth and incisive canal

44
Q

How does the primary palate form

A

Two medial nasal prominence in the midline fuse, driven through the growth of the maxillary prom which pushes nasal prominences towards the midline

45
Q

What does the secondary palate form from

A

Via outgrowths of the maxillary prominence called the palatine shelves

46
Q

How does the secondary palate from

A

Palatine shelves project on either side of the tongue, as the mandible expands and grows the tongue moves down allowing the palatine shelves to grow towards the midline and fuse to form the secondary palate (palatine bone and palatine segment)

SPTH1103 (9 decks)

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