embryology and histology

Question 1

gives rise to all neurons and supporting cells; forms neural plate “neuroectoderm”

Answer 1

ectoderm

Question 2

induces ectoderm to form neuroectoderm (remnant IVD as “nucleus pulposus”

Answer 2

notochord

Question 3

forms neural groove which houses the spinal cord and brain vesicles

Answer 3

neural plate

Question 4

neural crest develops into (11)

Answer 4

branchial arches, PNS, schwann cells pia arachnoid meninges, sacral parasymps, spinal and autonomic ganglia, mesencephalic nucleus of V, melanocytes, bones CT of head, DRG, CN V, VII, IX, X ganglia, adrenal gland medulla

Question 5

neural plate (brain cells) develop into [MOANER]

Answer 5

macroglial cells (oligodendrocytes astroctes), neurons CNS, ependymal cells, retinal cells

Question 6

forms the lining of the digestive tube and its associated structures, division foregut/midgut; liver and pancreatic buds

Answer 6

endoderm epithelium

Question 7

glands buccal cavity, esophagus, stomach, pharyngeal pouches and pharynx

Answer 7

foregut

Question 8

duodenum, jejunum, appendix, part of transverse colon

Answer 8

midgut

Question 9

part transverse, sigmoid and descending colon, rectum and upper anal canal

Answer 9

hindgut

Question 10

urinary bladder, vagina, urethra, prostate and urethral glands (PEEPEE :P)

Answer 10

allantois

Question 11

somite cells form the

Answer 11

sclerotome –> vertebral column (cartilage and bone)

Question 12

foramen ovale becomes

Answer 12

fossa ovalis (bt interatrial septum)

Question 13

ductus arteriosus becomes

Answer 13

ligamentum arteriosum (bypasses lung pulmonary trunk to arch of aorta)

Question 14

ductus venosus becomes

Answer 14

ligamentum venosum (bypasses sinusoids of fetal liver)

Question 15

umbilical vein becomes

Answer 15

ligamentum teres (round ligament)

Question 16

umbilical arteries becomes

Answer 16

medial umbilical ligaments

Question 17

remnant of duct of allantois

Answer 17

urachus

Question 18

m: muscles of mastication and jaw closing muscles skeletal structures: malleus (meckels cartilage) incus (quadrate cartilage) CN: mandibular branch of V (V3)

Answer 18

FIRST branchial arch

Question 19

m: m of facial expression and jaw opening muslces, stylohyoid, stapedius; skeletal structures: stapes, styloid CN: facial VII

Answer 19

SECOND branchial arch

Question 20

m: stylopharyngeus skeletal structures: cornu, hyoid CN: glossopharyngeal IX

Answer 20

THIRD branchial arch

Question 21

m: pharyngeal, cricothyroid, levator palatine skeletal structures: thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage CN: superior laryngeal of Vagus (X)

Answer 21

FOURTH branchial arch

Question 22

m: laryngeal sk struc: arytenoid, corniculate cartilage, cuneiform cartilage CN: inferior laryngeal of Vagus X (recurrent branch)

Answer 22

SIXTH branchial arch