Brain, Stem, Meninges, SC

Question 1

aka pallium, developed from neural plate

Answer 1

cerebral cortex

Question 2

aka isocortex 90% of cortex; six cerebral cortex laminae (mostly synaptic activity)

Answer 2

neocortex

Question 3

10% of cortex

Answer 3

allocortex

Question 4

mostly formed by thalamus; relay for cortex, processes sensory info, sleep consciousness; motor relay

Answer 4

diencephalon

Question 5

responsible postural adjustments, steadying voluntary movements, enkaphalins; striatal lesions - tremors (Parkinsons, huntintons, ballism); includes corpus striatum, amygdaloid nucleus and claustrum

Answer 5

basal ganglia

Question 6

telencephalon nuclei include:

Answer 6

caudate, putamen, globus pallidus and basal ganglia

Question 7

mesencephalon nuclei include

Answer 7

substantia nigra and subthalamic

Question 8

corpus striatum (striate body)

Answer 8

head of the caudate and putamen

Question 9

lentiform nucleus

Answer 9

globus pallidus (medial) and putamen (lateral)

Question 10

brainstem is made up of (3)

Answer 10

MO, pons and midbrain

Question 11

conduit for ascending and descending tracts, contains reflex centers associated with respiration, CV and consciousness; contains important nuclei of CN III-XII

Answer 11

brainstem

Question 12

meninges from inside out (PAD)

Answer 12

pia, arachnoid, dura mater

Question 13

CSF mL

Answer 13

140-270mL (adult)

Question 14

innermost layer of neural tube

Answer 14

ependymal cells

Question 15

produces CSF

Answer 15

choroid plexus

Question 16

space between arachnoid and pia (lumbar puncture or spinal tap)

Answer 16

subarachnoid space

Question 17

resorbs CSF

Answer 17

arachnoid granulations

Question 18

atrophy or damage of the basal ganglia can produce

Answer 18

chorea (quick movements)

Question 19

due to neuronal degeneration of the substantia nigra (lewy bodies)

Answer 19

parkinsonism

Question 20

CSF in ventribles approx ?mL

Answer 20

25mL

Question 21

pairs of spinal nerves

Answer 21

31

Question 22

dorsal roots (? fibers) ventral roots (? fibers)

Answer 22

sensory/afferent, motor/efferent

Question 23

spinal cord terminates at what level

Answer 23

L1/L2

Question 24

end of the SC

Answer 24

conus medullaris

Question 25

roots for lumbar sacral and coccygeal nerves through lumbar cistern forming “horses tail”

Answer 25

cauda equina

Question 26

tectum (roof) and peduncles

Answer 26

midbrain

Question 27

CSF exchange between 3rd and 4th ventricles

Answer 27

cerebral aqueduct of sylvius

Question 28

tegmentum, substantia nigra, crus cerebri, CN III and IV

Answer 28

cerebral peduncles

Question 29

black color - dopamine from tyrosine, melanin byproduct

Answer 29

substantia nigra

Question 30

part of cerebral peduncle - corticospinal, corticopontine, corticobulbar, corticomesencephalic fibers (eye movement)

Answer 30

crus cerebri

Question 31

function in integration of momentary static muscle contraction, joint tension, visual and auditory input regarding equlibrium

Answer 31

cerebellum

Question 32

medial cerebellum

Answer 32

vermis

Question 33

anterior cerebellum, general muscle tone

Answer 33

paleocerebellar

Question 34

posterior cerebellum, coordination of skilled movements

Answer 34

neocerebellar

Question 35

(flocculonodular), equilibrium

Answer 35

archicerebellar

Question 36

afferent, efferent, commisural and association fibers aka corpus medullare

Answer 36

white matter

Question 37

cerebellum blood supply

Answer 37

branches of vertebral and basilar arteries

Question 38

gray matter neuron cell types

Answer 38

purkinje, golgi II, stellate, basket, granular

Question 39

cerebellar nuclei from medial to lateral, small to large [fat, girls, eat, donuts]

Answer 39

fastigial, globus, emboliform, dentate

Question 40

lateral vestibular

Answer 40

deiters nuclei

Question 41

forebrain has ACh

Answer 41

meynerts nuclei

Question 42

MO, serotonin

Answer 42

raphe nuclei

Question 43

part of corpus striatum

Answer 43

lenticular nuclei