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Cardiovascular > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

What gene is involved in cardiomyocyte proliferation?

A

Neuregulin

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2
Q

What gene is involved in aortic arch differentiation?

A

HOX

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3
Q

What forms the valves of the heart?

A

Extracellular matrix from cardiomyocytes

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4
Q

Ductus Venosus

A

Shunts oxygenated blood away from the liver and to the heart

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5
Q

Ductus Arteriosus

A

Shunts blood from pulmonary artery to the aorta and away from the lungs

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6
Q

Foramen ovale

A

Connects right to left atrium to bypass the pulmonary circuit

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7
Q

Ventriculo-septal defect: cyanotic or acyanotic?

A

Acyanotic

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8
Q

Atrial-septal defect: cyanotic or acyanotic?

A

Acyanotic

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9
Q

PDA: cyanotic or acyanotic?

A

Acyanotic

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10
Q

Pulmonary stenosis: cyanotic or acyanotic?

A

Acyanotic

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11
Q

Aortic stenosis: cyanotic or acyanotic?

A

Acyanotic

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12
Q

Coarction of aorta: cyanotic or acyanotic?

A

Acyanotic

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13
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot: cyanotic or acyanotic?

A

Cyanotic

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14
Q

Transposition of Great Arteries: cyanotic or acyanotic?

A

Cyanotic

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15
Q

Complete atrio-ventricular septal defect: cyanotic or acyanotic?

A

Cyanotic

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16
Q

Example of atrial septal defect?

A

Failed closure of foramen ovale

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17
Q

Name the aspects of Tetralogy of Fallot

A

Narrow pulmonary trunk
Ventriculo-septal defect
Pulmonary valve stenosis and aortic access to both ventricles - leads to right ventricle hypertrophy

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18
Q

Explain the development of the aortic arch region

A

Cranial endocardial tubes - truncus arteriosus - aortic arch - aorta and common carotid

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19
Q

What three circulatory changes happen within a week of birth?

A
  1. Ductus arteriosus closure
  2. Umbilical vessel closure and degradation
  3. Foramen ovale closes
20
Q

Hand 1

A

Cardiac looping L side

21
Q

Hand 2

A

Cardiac looping R side

22
Q

FGF8

A

Differentiation of mesoderm to cardiac mesoderm

23
Q

Intussusception of right atrium

A

sinus venosus (cardinal, umbilical, and vitelline veins)

24
Q

Intussusception of left atrium

A

Four pulmonary veins

25
Q

Somatic mesoderm becomes

A

Skin

26
Q

Splanchnic mesoderm becomes

A

Gut

27
Q

Mesodermal coelom becomes

A

Pericardial sac

28
Q

Cannonical WNTs

A

Hold cells of secondary heart field undifferentiated

29
Q

Non-cannonical WNTs

A

Stimulate differentiation of secondary heart field into outflow tract
From adjacent pharynx

30
Q

Development of spiral septum controlled by

A

Neural crest cells from hindbrain

31
Q

R Aortic Arch I

A

Maxillary artery

32
Q

L Aortic Arch I

A

Maxillary artery

33
Q

R Aortic Arch II

A 
Hyoid artery
Stapedial artery (disappears)
34
Q

L Aortic Arch I

A 
Hyoid artery
Stapedial artery (disappears)
35
Q

R Aortic Arch III

A

Proximal - common carotid

Distal - internal carotid

36
Q

L Aortic Arch III

A

Proximal - common carotid

Distal - internal carotid

37
Q

L Aortic Arch IV

A

Medial aortic arch

38
Q

R Aortic Arch IV

A

R subclavian

39
Q

L Aortic Arch VI

A

L pulmonary artery and ductus arteriosus

40
Q

R Aortic Arch VI

A

R pulmonary artery

41
Q

R Dorsal aorta

A

Internal carotid and central right subclavian - both disappear

42
Q

L Dorsal aorta

A

Internal carotid (disappears) and descending aorta

43
Q

R Ventral aorta

A

External carotid
Common Carotid
Brachiocephalic

44
Q

L Ventral aorta

A

External carotid
Common Carotid
Ascending aorta

45
Q

Anterior cardinal vein drains

A

Head body wall

46
Q

Posterior cardinal vein drains

A

All body wall except head

Cardiovascular (3 decks)

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