CV Physio Flashcards
What percent of blood flow is directed to the liver and GI tract?
24%
What percent of blood flow is directed to the skeletal muscle?
21%
What percent of blood flow is directed to the skin and other organs?
18%
What percent of blood flow is directed to the kidney?
20%
What percent of oxygen consumption is directed to the liver and GI tract?
23%
What percent of oxygen consumption is directed to the skeletal muscle?
27%
What percent of oxygen consumption is directed to the skin and other organs?
11%
What percent of oxygen consumption is directed to the kidney?
7%
Describe the flow of blood through the heart including valves and vessel names.
Vena cava - right atrium - tricuspid valve - right ventricle - pulmonary valve - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - mitral valve - left ventricle - aortic valve - aorta
What does T on ECG represent?
Ventricular repolarization
What does P on ECG represent?
Atrial repolarization
What does QRS represent on ECG?
Electrical signaling prior to muscle contraction
What is the c wave on cardiac cycle?
As LV ejects, there is a slight bulge due to pressure back on the mitral valve
What is the v wave on cardiac cycle?
Venus return to atrium during ejection from ventricle
What is the a wave on cardiac cycle?
LA contraction at the end of ventricular filling
What is the z-point on cardiac cycle?
Atrial and ventricular pressure curves cross (V higher) causing the mitral valve to close
What is the dichrotic notch on cardiac cycle? How does this change as you move away from aorta in systemic circulation?
Transient increase in aortic pressure during isometric relaxation due to aortic valve closure - this goes away as you move further away from the aorta
What part of the cardiac cycle first changes during exercise and why?
Cut into LV filling during diastasis due to increased HR and subsequent reach into filling time
When is the hangout period during the cardiac cycle and when does it occur? What is another name for it?
At the end of ejection period, aortic pressure is higher than ventricular pressure, which precedes aortic valve closure
Proto-diastole
What is happening during the S1 heart sound?
Mitral and tricuspid valves are closing
What is happening during the S2 heart sound?
Pulmonic and aortic valve are closing
Do the right or left sided valves close first?
Left
What endothelial-derived factor(s) cause vasodilation?
NO
PGI2
EDHF
What endothelial-derived factor(s) cause vasoconstriction?
Endothelin
What endothelial-independent factor(s) cause vasodilation?
ANP
What endothelial-independent factor(s) cause vasoconstriction?
ADH/vasopressin
What endothelial-derived factor(s) prevent plt aggregation?
NO
PGI2
What plt-derived factors initiate endothelial production of NO?
ADP, serotonin, thromboxane
What are two functions of ACE?
Angiotensin II production
Breakdown of bradykinin
How many layers of smooth muscle are found in the tunica media of elastic arterial vessels?
40-60
How many layers of smooth muscle are found in the tunica media of muscular arterial vessels?
~40
How many layers of smooth muscle are found in the tunica media of arterioles?
1-5
Is the tunica adventitia thicker in arteries or veins?
Veins
Is the lumen bigger in arteries or veins?
Veins
Where is the most likely location for a berry aneurism?
Circle of Willis - cerebral
What elastic layer is found in the tunica intima of arteries?
Internal elastic lamina
What elastic layer is found in the tunica media of arteries?
External elastic lamina
Are velocity and area proportionally or inversely related?
Inversely
What type of capillary is found in the liver?
Sinusoidal
What type of capillary is found in the spleen?
Sinusoidal
What type of capillary is found in the bone marrow?
Sinusoidal
What type of capillary is found in the intestines?
Fenestrated
What type of capillary is found in the kidney?
Fenestrated
What type of capillary is found in the muscle?
Continuous
What type of capillary is found in the skin?
Continuous
What type of capillary is found in the brain?
Continuous
