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Cardiovascular > CV Physio > Flashcards

CV Physio Flashcards

1
Q

What percent of blood flow is directed to the liver and GI tract?

A

24%

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2
Q

What percent of blood flow is directed to the skeletal muscle?

A

21%

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3
Q

What percent of blood flow is directed to the skin and other organs?

A

18%

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4
Q

What percent of blood flow is directed to the kidney?

A

20%

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5
Q

What percent of oxygen consumption is directed to the liver and GI tract?

A

23%

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6
Q

What percent of oxygen consumption is directed to the skeletal muscle?

A

27%

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7
Q

What percent of oxygen consumption is directed to the skin and other organs?

A

11%

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8
Q

What percent of oxygen consumption is directed to the kidney?

A

7%

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9
Q

Describe the flow of blood through the heart including valves and vessel names.

A

Vena cava - right atrium - tricuspid valve - right ventricle - pulmonary valve - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - mitral valve - left ventricle - aortic valve - aorta

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10
Q

What does T on ECG represent?

A

Ventricular repolarization

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11
Q

What does P on ECG represent?

A

Atrial repolarization

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12
Q

What does QRS represent on ECG?

A

Electrical signaling prior to muscle contraction

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13
Q

What is the c wave on cardiac cycle?

A

As LV ejects, there is a slight bulge due to pressure back on the mitral valve

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14
Q

What is the v wave on cardiac cycle?

A

Venus return to atrium during ejection from ventricle

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15
Q

What is the a wave on cardiac cycle?

A

LA contraction at the end of ventricular filling

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16
Q

What is the z-point on cardiac cycle?

A

Atrial and ventricular pressure curves cross (V higher) causing the mitral valve to close

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17
Q

What is the dichrotic notch on cardiac cycle? How does this change as you move away from aorta in systemic circulation?

A

Transient increase in aortic pressure during isometric relaxation due to aortic valve closure - this goes away as you move further away from the aorta

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18
Q

What part of the cardiac cycle first changes during exercise and why?

A

Cut into LV filling during diastasis due to increased HR and subsequent reach into filling time

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19
Q

When is the hangout period during the cardiac cycle and when does it occur? What is another name for it?

A

At the end of ejection period, aortic pressure is higher than ventricular pressure, which precedes aortic valve closure
Proto-diastole

20
Q

What is happening during the S1 heart sound?

A

Mitral and tricuspid valves are closing

21
Q

What is happening during the S2 heart sound?

A

Pulmonic and aortic valve are closing

22
Q

Do the right or left sided valves close first?

A

Left

23
Q

What endothelial-derived factor(s) cause vasodilation?

A

NO
PGI2
EDHF

24
Q

What endothelial-derived factor(s) cause vasoconstriction?

A

Endothelin

25
Q

What endothelial-independent factor(s) cause vasodilation?

A

ANP

26
Q

What endothelial-independent factor(s) cause vasoconstriction?

A

ADH/vasopressin

27
Q

What endothelial-derived factor(s) prevent plt aggregation?

A

NO

PGI2

28
Q

What plt-derived factors initiate endothelial production of NO?

A

ADP, serotonin, thromboxane

29
Q

What are two functions of ACE?

A

Angiotensin II production

Breakdown of bradykinin

30
Q

How many layers of smooth muscle are found in the tunica media of elastic arterial vessels?

A

40-60

31
Q

How many layers of smooth muscle are found in the tunica media of muscular arterial vessels?

A

~40

32
Q

How many layers of smooth muscle are found in the tunica media of arterioles?

A

1-5

33
Q

Is the tunica adventitia thicker in arteries or veins?

A

Veins

34
Q

Is the lumen bigger in arteries or veins?

A

Veins

35
Q

Where is the most likely location for a berry aneurism?

A

Circle of Willis - cerebral

36
Q

What elastic layer is found in the tunica intima of arteries?

A

Internal elastic lamina

37
Q

What elastic layer is found in the tunica media of arteries?

A

External elastic lamina

38
Q

Are velocity and area proportionally or inversely related?

A

Inversely

39
Q

What type of capillary is found in the liver?

A

Sinusoidal

40
Q

What type of capillary is found in the spleen?

A

Sinusoidal

41
Q

What type of capillary is found in the bone marrow?

A

Sinusoidal

42
Q

What type of capillary is found in the intestines?

A

Fenestrated

43
Q

What type of capillary is found in the kidney?

A

Fenestrated

44
Q

What type of capillary is found in the muscle?

A

Continuous

45
Q

What type of capillary is found in the skin?

A

Continuous

46
Q

What type of capillary is found in the brain?

A

Continuous

Cardiovascular (3 decks)

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