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Cardiovascular > CV Anatomy > Flashcards

CV Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Spinal level of sternal angle

A

T4/5

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2
Q

True rib numbers:

A

2-7

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3
Q

False rib numbers:

A

8-10

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4
Q

Floating rib numbers:

A

11-12

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5
Q

Spinal level of superior thoracic aperature

A

T1

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6
Q

Spinal level of inferior thoracic aperature

A

T12

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7
Q

Where does the subclavian artery become the axillary artery?

A

Lateral edge of rib 1

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8
Q

Is the right or left pleural sac shorter?

A

Right is shorter due to liver pushing up

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9
Q

Pectoralis major innervation

A

Medial and lateral pectoral nerve

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10
Q

Pectoralis minor innervation

A

Medial pectoral nerve

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11
Q

Which thoracic muscles are angled superior to inferior from lateral to medial?

A

External intercostals

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12
Q

Which thoracic muscles are angled inferior to superior from medial to lateral?

A

Internal intercostals

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13
Q

Which thoracic muscles are responsible for vessel attachment

A

Transversus thoracis

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14
Q

Surface anatomy of suprasternal notch

A

T2/3

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15
Q

Surface anatomy of xiphisternal joint

A

T9

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16
Q

Surface anatomy of nipple

A

Males - 4th intercostal space

Females - variable

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17
Q

Surface anatomy of sternum

A

Anterior to heart

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18
Q

Surface anatomy of aortic valve

A

R 2nd intercostal space

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19
Q

Surface anatomy of pulmonic valve

A

L 2nd intercostal space

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20
Q

Surface anatomy of mitral valve

A

L 5th intercostal space

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21
Q

Surface anatomy of apex of heart

A

L 5th intercostal space

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22
Q

Surface anatomy of tricuspid valve

A

L sternal border

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23
Q

What nerves are responsible for sensory innervation of T3-5?

A

Thoracic intercostal

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24
Q

What nerves are responsible for sensory innervation of the upper, lateral breast?

A

Supraclavicular nerves

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25
Q

What nerves are responsible for sensory innervation of the nipple?

A

Lateral cutaneous branch of T4

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26
Q

Where is the horizontal fissure found?

A

R intercostal space 3

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27
Q

Where is the oblique fissure found?

A

L and R side at ribs 5/6

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28
Q

Where is the cupola of the lung found?

A

C7

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29
Q

Where does a central line insert?

A

Subclavian vein

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30
Q

How many secondary bronchi are found on the right side?

A

3

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31
Q

How many secondary bronchi are found on the left side?

A

2

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32
Q

Is the right or left bronchus wider?

A

Right

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33
Q

How does the orientation of the phrenic nerve differ on the right and left sides?

A

Right: follows venus flow
Left: follows arterial flow

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34
Q

Is the phrenic nerve anterior or posterior to the vagus nerve?

A

Anterior

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35
Q

Does the vagus nerve pass anterior or posterior to the aortic arch?

A

Anterior

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36
Q

From what spinal level do the thoracic splanchnics originate?

A

T5-12

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37
Q

How is the pulmonary artery situated in relation to the bronchi on the right and left side?

A

RALS - right PA is anterior to bronchus, left PA is superior to bronchus

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38
Q

What organ receives the entire CO?

A

Lungs

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39
Q

Name 9 landmarks found at the sternal angle

A 
RAT PLANT
T4/5
Rib 2
Aortic Arch
Trachea Bifurcation
Pulmonary trunk bifurcation
Ligamentum arteriosum
Azygous Vein
Nerves (cardiac plexus, recurrent laryngeal nerve)
Thoracic Duct
40
Q

Where is the conus arteriosus?

A

Top of right ventricle

41
Q

Which pulmonary artery is longer than the other?

A

Right

42
Q

What vein travels with the LAD?

A

Great cardiac vein

43
Q

What is another name for the LAD?

A

Anterior interventricular artery

44
Q

What coronary artery supplies the diaphragmatic surface of the heart? (2 names)

A

Right marginal

Acute marginal

45
Q

What vessel comes off the left aortic sinus

A

L coronary artery (posterior left)

46
Q

What vessel comes off the right aortic sinus

A

R coronary artery (anterior)

47
Q

What vessel comes off the posterior aortic sinus

A

None - non-coronary sinus

48
Q

Between what coronary vessels does the pulmonary trunk lie?

A

Between LAD and RCA

49
Q

In what heart chamber is the moderator band found?

A

R ventricle

50
Q

What nerves are found anterior and posterior to the root of the lung?

A

Phrenic - anterior

Vagus - posterior

51
Q

How many lobes does the right lung have?

A

3

52
Q

How many lobes does the left lung have?

A

2

53
Q

Which lung and lobe is the lingula found on?

A

Left - superior lobe

54
Q

What is a secondary bronchus also known as?

A

Lobar

55
Q

What is a tertiary bronchus also known as?

A

Segmental

56
Q

What is the smallest functional unit of the lung?

A

Broncho-pulmonary segment

57
Q

What superior mediastinal structure involutes at puberty?

A

Thymus

58
Q

Is the right or left brachiocephalic vein longer?

A

Left

59
Q

Is the right or left pulmonary artery longer?

A

Right

60
Q

What nerve forms the posterior esophageal plexus?

A

Right vagus

61
Q

What nerve forms the anterior esophageal plexus?

A

Left vagus

62
Q

Does the left recurrent laryngeal nerve pass anterior or posterior to the ligamentum arteriosum?

A

Posterior

63
Q

Where is the left recurrent laryngeal nerve in comparison to the trachea?

A

Lateral and left of trachea

64
Q

Where does the thoracic duct run inferior, at, and superior to the sternal angle and where does it drain?

A

Thoracic duct is on the right inferior, switches and sternal angle, and drains into left venous angle

65
Q

What branches at the venous angle?

A

Internal jugular and subclavian vein

66
Q

What drains lymph from the right superior part of the body?

A

R lymphatic duct

67
Q

What carries pre-ganglionic sympathetic fibers to the sympathetic chain?

A

White rami

68
Q

What carries pre-ganglionic parasympathetic fibers?

A

Vagus nerve (CNX)

69
Q

Greater thoracic splanchnic from what thoracic vertebrae?

A

T5-9

70
Q

Lesser thoracic splanchnic from what thoracic vertebrae?

A

T10-11

71
Q

Least thoracic splanchnic from what thoracic vertebrae?

A

T12

72
Q

Greater thoracic splanchnic supplies what plexus?

A

Celiac

73
Q

Lesser thoracic splanchnic supplies what plexus?

A

Aortico-renal

74
Q

Least thoracic splanchnic supplies what plexus?

A

Renal

75
Q

Post-ganglionic SNS fibers traveling to the skin leave via what structure?

A

Grey Rami

76
Q

Ventral root carries what type of neurons?

A

Motor - efferent

77
Q

Dorsal root carries what type of neurons?

A

Sensory - affarent

78
Q

From what embryonic structure does the ductus arteriosus originate from?

A

L 6th aortic arch

79
Q

From what embryonic structure do the pulmonary arteries originate from?

A

L 6th aortic arch

80
Q

What parts of the body does the 3rd rib attach to?

A

Inferior costal facet of T2 (posterior)
Superior costal facet of T3 (posterior)
Transverse process of T3 (posterior)
Body of sternum (anterior)

81
Q

What does the superior intercostal vein drain and where does it flow into?

A

Drains IC spaces 2, 3, 4 and drains into azygous on the right and left brachiocephalic –> then into SVC

82
Q

Where does the first IC space drain?

A

Supreme intercostal vein

83
Q

Where do IC spaces 2-4 drain?

A

Superior intercostal vein

84
Q

Where do IC spaces 5-11 drain?

A

Azygous

85
Q

Where does IC space 12 drain?

A

Subcostal vein - drains into azygous - into SVC

86
Q

From which structure do the bronchial arteries arise?

A

Thoracic aorta

87
Q

Is the visceral pleura innervated?

A

No

88
Q

Is the parietal pleura innervated?

A

Yes

89
Q

What is inflammation of the parietal pleura called?

A

Pleuralgia

90
Q

What innervates the cervical and costal pleura?

A

Intercostal nerves

91
Q

What innervates the diaphragmatic and mediastinal pleura?

A

Phrenic nerves

92
Q

Where do the internal thoracic arteries branch from?

A

Subclavian

93
Q

Where do the internal thoracic veins drain?

A

Brachiocephalic

94
Q

At what level does the IVC pass through the diaphragm?

A

T8

95
Q

At what level does the esophagus pass through the diaphragm?

A

T10

96
Q

At what level does the thoracic aorta pass through the diaphragm?

A

T12

97
Q

Location of the cardiac notch

A

L superior lobe in 4th intercostal space

Cardiovascular (3 decks)

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