CV Anatomy Flashcards
1
Q
Spinal level of sternal angle
A
T4/5
2
Q
True rib numbers:
A
2-7
3
Q
False rib numbers:
A
8-10
4
Q
Floating rib numbers:
A
11-12
5
Q
Spinal level of superior thoracic aperature
A
T1
6
Q
Spinal level of inferior thoracic aperature
A
T12
7
Q
Where does the subclavian artery become the axillary artery?
A
Lateral edge of rib 1
8
Q
Is the right or left pleural sac shorter?
A
Right is shorter due to liver pushing up
9
Q
Pectoralis major innervation
A
Medial and lateral pectoral nerve
10
Q
Pectoralis minor innervation
A
Medial pectoral nerve
11
Q
Which thoracic muscles are angled superior to inferior from lateral to medial?
A
External intercostals
12
Q
Which thoracic muscles are angled inferior to superior from medial to lateral?
A
Internal intercostals
13
Q
Which thoracic muscles are responsible for vessel attachment
A
Transversus thoracis
14
Q
Surface anatomy of suprasternal notch
A
T2/3
15
Q
Surface anatomy of xiphisternal joint
A
T9
16
Q
Surface anatomy of nipple
A
Males - 4th intercostal space
Females - variable
17
Q
Surface anatomy of sternum
A
Anterior to heart
18
Q
Surface anatomy of aortic valve
A
R 2nd intercostal space
19
Q
Surface anatomy of pulmonic valve
A
L 2nd intercostal space
20
Q
Surface anatomy of mitral valve
A
L 5th intercostal space
21
Q
Surface anatomy of apex of heart
A
L 5th intercostal space
22
Q
Surface anatomy of tricuspid valve
A
L sternal border
23
Q
What nerves are responsible for sensory innervation of T3-5?
A
Thoracic intercostal
24
Q
What nerves are responsible for sensory innervation of the upper, lateral breast?
A
Supraclavicular nerves
25
What nerves are responsible for sensory innervation of the nipple?
Lateral cutaneous branch of T4
26
Where is the horizontal fissure found?
R intercostal space 3
27
Where is the oblique fissure found?
L and R side at ribs 5/6
28
Where is the cupola of the lung found?
C7
29
Where does a central line insert?
Subclavian vein
30
How many secondary bronchi are found on the right side?
3
31
How many secondary bronchi are found on the left side?
2
32
Is the right or left bronchus wider?
Right
33
How does the orientation of the phrenic nerve differ on the right and left sides?
Right: follows venus flow
Left: follows arterial flow
34
Is the phrenic nerve anterior or posterior to the vagus nerve?
Anterior
35
Does the vagus nerve pass anterior or posterior to the aortic arch?
Anterior
36
From what spinal level do the thoracic splanchnics originate?
T5-12
37
How is the pulmonary artery situated in relation to the bronchi on the right and left side?
RALS - right PA is anterior to bronchus, left PA is superior to bronchus
38
What organ receives the entire CO?
Lungs
39
Name 9 landmarks found at the sternal angle
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RAT PLANT
T4/5
Rib 2
Aortic Arch
Trachea Bifurcation
Pulmonary trunk bifurcation
Ligamentum arteriosum
Azygous Vein
Nerves (cardiac plexus, recurrent laryngeal nerve)
Thoracic Duct
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40
Where is the conus arteriosus?
Top of right ventricle
41
Which pulmonary artery is longer than the other?
Right
42
What vein travels with the LAD?
Great cardiac vein
43
What is another name for the LAD?
Anterior interventricular artery
44
What coronary artery supplies the diaphragmatic surface of the heart? (2 names)
Right marginal
| Acute marginal
45
What vessel comes off the left aortic sinus
L coronary artery (posterior left)
46
What vessel comes off the right aortic sinus
R coronary artery (anterior)
47
What vessel comes off the posterior aortic sinus
None - non-coronary sinus
48
Between what coronary vessels does the pulmonary trunk lie?
Between LAD and RCA
49
In what heart chamber is the moderator band found?
R ventricle
50
What nerves are found anterior and posterior to the root of the lung?
Phrenic - anterior
| Vagus - posterior
51
How many lobes does the right lung have?
3
52
How many lobes does the left lung have?
2
53
Which lung and lobe is the lingula found on?
Left - superior lobe
54
What is a secondary bronchus also known as?
Lobar
55
What is a tertiary bronchus also known as?
Segmental
56
What is the smallest functional unit of the lung?
Broncho-pulmonary segment
57
What superior mediastinal structure involutes at puberty?
Thymus
58
Is the right or left brachiocephalic vein longer?
Left
59
Is the right or left pulmonary artery longer?
Right
60
What nerve forms the posterior esophageal plexus?
Right vagus
61
What nerve forms the anterior esophageal plexus?
Left vagus
62
Does the left recurrent laryngeal nerve pass anterior or posterior to the ligamentum arteriosum?
Posterior
63
Where is the left recurrent laryngeal nerve in comparison to the trachea?
Lateral and left of trachea
64
Where does the thoracic duct run inferior, at, and superior to the sternal angle and where does it drain?
Thoracic duct is on the right inferior, switches and sternal angle, and drains into left venous angle
65
What branches at the venous angle?
Internal jugular and subclavian vein
66
What drains lymph from the right superior part of the body?
R lymphatic duct
67
What carries pre-ganglionic sympathetic fibers to the sympathetic chain?
White rami
68
What carries pre-ganglionic parasympathetic fibers?
Vagus nerve (CNX)
69
Greater thoracic splanchnic from what thoracic vertebrae?
T5-9
70
Lesser thoracic splanchnic from what thoracic vertebrae?
T10-11
71
Least thoracic splanchnic from what thoracic vertebrae?
T12
72
Greater thoracic splanchnic supplies what plexus?
Celiac
73
Lesser thoracic splanchnic supplies what plexus?
Aortico-renal
74
Least thoracic splanchnic supplies what plexus?
Renal
75
Post-ganglionic SNS fibers traveling to the skin leave via what structure?
Grey Rami
76
Ventral root carries what type of neurons?
Motor - efferent
77
Dorsal root carries what type of neurons?
Sensory - affarent
78
From what embryonic structure does the ductus arteriosus originate from?
L 6th aortic arch
79
From what embryonic structure do the pulmonary arteries originate from?
L 6th aortic arch
80
What parts of the body does the 3rd rib attach to?
Inferior costal facet of T2 (posterior)
Superior costal facet of T3 (posterior)
Transverse process of T3 (posterior)
Body of sternum (anterior)
81
What does the superior intercostal vein drain and where does it flow into?
Drains IC spaces 2, 3, 4 and drains into azygous on the right and left brachiocephalic --> then into SVC
82
Where does the first IC space drain?
Supreme intercostal vein
83
Where do IC spaces 2-4 drain?
Superior intercostal vein
84
Where do IC spaces 5-11 drain?
Azygous
85
Where does IC space 12 drain?
Subcostal vein - drains into azygous - into SVC
86
From which structure do the bronchial arteries arise?
Thoracic aorta
87
Is the visceral pleura innervated?
No
88
Is the parietal pleura innervated?
Yes
89
What is inflammation of the parietal pleura called?
Pleuralgia
90
What innervates the cervical and costal pleura?
Intercostal nerves
91
What innervates the diaphragmatic and mediastinal pleura?
Phrenic nerves
92
Where do the internal thoracic arteries branch from?
Subclavian
93
Where do the internal thoracic veins drain?
Brachiocephalic
94
At what level does the IVC pass through the diaphragm?
T8
95
At what level does the esophagus pass through the diaphragm?
T10
96
At what level does the thoracic aorta pass through the diaphragm?
T12
97
Location of the cardiac notch
L superior lobe in 4th intercostal space
