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My Cardiovascular > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

What germ layer does the cardiac tissue develop from?

A

cardiogenic mesoderm at the cranial end of the embryo

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2
Q

Where do the cardiac cells come from?

A

the cells come from the myoblasts and blood islands in a horseshoe shape around neural plate

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3
Q

Where are the blood islands?

A

are within the mesoderms so are covered in ectoderm

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4
Q

What does lateral folding achieve?

A

brings the two edges of the horseshoes together to create the heart tube

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5
Q

What does cranial-caudal folding achieve?

A

moves the heart downwards

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6
Q

When is looping complete?

A

day 28

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7
Q

What are the five main regions of the heart tube?

A 
Truncus arteriosus
Bulbus cordis
Ventricular
Atrial
Sinus venosus
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8
Q

What does the truncus arteriosus give rise to?

A

aorta and pulmonary trunk

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9
Q

What does the bulbus cordis give rise to?

A

trabeculated part of right ventricle and outflow part of both ventricles

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10
Q

What does the ventricular section give rise to?

A

trabeculated part of left ventricle

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11
Q

What does the atrial section give rise to?

A

trabeculated part of both atria

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12
Q

What does the sinus venosus give rise to?

A

smooth part of right atrium and coronary sinus

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13
Q

Where does blood move from in the embryo?

A

caudal to cranial so sinus venosus to truncus arteriosus

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14
Q

When does folding and looping start?

A

day 23

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15
Q

What are the main movement that occur in looping and folding?

A

Atrium moves dorsally and cranially
Ventricle is displaced left
Bulbus cordis is moved inferiorly and ventrally to the right
The sinus venosus and the primitive atria move dorsally
The primitive ventricle and outflow tracts move ventrally

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16
Q

When does ventricular septation begin?

A

day 25

17
Q

Where does the interventricular sputum develop from and to?

A

from between the left ventricle and the bulbus cordis towards the endocardial cushions

18
Q

Where does the truncoconal septum extend?

A

inferiorly into the ventricular septum

19
Q

What three septal structures fuse in the 7th week?

A
  • primary muscular septum
  • truncoconal septum
  • atrioventricular endocardial cushions
20
Q

When does atrioventircular septation start?

A

day 26

21
Q

What completes the septation of the atrioventricular canal?

A

endocardial cushions

22
Q

What descends at day 30?

A

septum primum from roof of atrium to the endocardial cushions

23
Q

Where is the foramen ovale?

A

septum secundum

24
Q

Where do the aortic arches form?

A

high in the cervical region

25
Q

What does aortic arch 3 form into?

A

common carotid arteries and the first part of the internal carotid artery

26
Q

What does aortic arch 4 form into?

A

right subclavian artery and on the left is part of the aortic arch

27
Q

What does aortic arch 6 form into?

A

sprout branches that form pulmonary arteries on both sides and ductus arteriosus on left

28
Q

What are the vessels coming into the sinus venosus?

A
  • cardinal vein (head and body)
  • umbilical vein (supplies blood from placenta)
  • vitelline vein (drains yolk sac but develops into haptic and portal mesenteric arteries)
29
Q

What happens to the right and left horn?

A

right horn becomes enlarged and swollen and the left side becomes smaller

30
Q

What is the venous origin of the smooth parts of the right and left atria?

A

sinus venosus

31
Q

What are the three venous systems found in the embryo?

A

Vitelline veins
Umbilical veins
Cardinal veins

32
Q

What do the vitelline veins do?

A

drain yolk sac and develops into portal venous system draining gut, hepatic sinusoids and veins, hepatic portion of IVC

33
Q

What do the umbilical veins do?

A

bring oxygenated blood from the placenta and the right degenerates, left remains as definitive umbilical vein

34
Q

What do the cardinal veins do?

A

give systemic venous system and drain the head and body

35
Q

What do the anterior cardinal veins do and what do they include?

A

drain head and neck

  • jugular system
  • left brachiocephalic veins
  • SVC
36
Q

What do the posterior cardinal veins do and what do they include?

A

drain the trunk

  • azygous and hemiazygous systems
  • gonadal and renal veins
  • iliac veins
  • IVC

My Cardiovascular (13 decks)

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